彭敏 楊晉杰 李佩君


【摘要】 目的:探討快速康復護理在膝關節置換術后患者康復鍛煉中的應用方法和效果。方法:將筆者所在科室2018年收集的150例人工膝關節置換術患者隨機分為觀察組和對照組,各75例。觀察組采用術后快速康復護理的方法和措施,對照組采用常規護理方法和措施,對兩組術后的各項指標、疼痛數字評分量表(NRS)、基本生活活動能力(BADL)評定量表、術后滿意度進行比較。結果:觀察組術后首次下床活動時間(23.28±4.23)h、首次排尿時間(5.26±2.19)h、開始上下樓梯訓練時間(5.12±1.10)d、住院時間(7.17±0.34)d,均短于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05);觀察組術后不同時期(7、30、80 d)NRS評分均低于對照組,BADL評分明顯高于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05);護理后,觀察組患者及家屬滿意度(85.33%)明顯高于對照組(64.00%),差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論:人工膝關節置換術后進行快速康復護理能有效地加快患者的康復進程,并且能夠減輕患者術后的疼痛程度,能夠縮短患者的住院時間,并且有助于術后膝關節各項功能和指標的恢復,提高患者術后的生活質量及滿意度。
【關鍵詞】 快速康復護理; 人工膝關節置換術; 康復鍛煉
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.18.039 文獻標識碼 B 文章編號 1674-6805(2019)18-00-03
【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the application method and effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing in rehabilitation exercise of patients after knee arthroplasty.Method:150 cases of knee arthroplasty patients collected in our department in 2018 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,75 cases in each group.The observation group received rapid rehabilitation nursing after operation,while the control group received routine nursing methods and measures.The postoperative indicators,pain numerical rating scale(NRS),basic activities of daily living(BADL) and postoperative satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Result:The first time to get out of bed(23.28±4.23)h,first urination time(5.26±2.19)h,starting up and down stairs training time(5.12±1.10)d,hospitalization time(7.17±0.34)d after operation in the observation group were lower than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The NRS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at different time after operation(7,30,80 days),and the BADL score was significantly higher than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The satisfaction of the observation group after nursing was 85.00%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(65.00%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:Rapid rehabilitation nursing after knee arthroplasty can effectively speed up the recovery process of patients,reduce the degree of pain after operation,shorten the hospitalization time of patients,help the recovery of various functions and indicators of knee joint after operation,and improve the quality of life and satisfaction of patients after operation.
【Key words】 Rapid rehabilitation nursing; Artificial knee arthroplasty; Rehabilitation exercise
2.3 兩組患者及家屬滿意度比較
觀察組總滿意度明顯高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表3。
3 討論
膝關節骨性關節炎是由軟組織病變、骨質增生引起的一種慢性骨關節疾病,是一種臨床常見的關節類疾病[6-7]。膝關節骨性關節炎早期表現為間斷性陣痛,其發病的主要原因為膝關節退行性病變、外傷、過度勞累等,多見于中老年人群[8]。
本研究表明,護理后觀察組首次下床活動時間、首次排尿時間、開始上下樓梯訓練時間、住院時間均顯著短于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05),提示將快速康復護理應用于該疾病患者的術后康復治療能夠有效地縮短首次下床活動時間、首次排尿時間、開始上下樓梯訓練時間、住院時間。究其原因,快速康復護理是應用科學而有效的方法對人工膝關節置換手術的患者進行康復治療的一種方法,合理地避免了因傳統康復治療而產生的時間長、效果不明顯、患者不滿意的情況,通過快速而有效的鍛煉,保證在不改變治療效果的前提下加快術后的康復進程[9]。本研究表明,經快速康復護理后的不同時間,觀察組NRS評分均明顯低于對照組,BADL評分明顯高于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05),表明對膝關節置換術后的患者應用快速康復護理,能夠有效地控制并發癥的產生,有效地減輕患者術后疼痛感,能夠使患者更加主觀的配合術后治療及康復鍛煉,能夠快速、有效地提高患者的治療依從性及主動性,進而提高患者的生活質量[10-12]。本研究表明,觀察組總滿意度(85.33%)明顯高于對照組(64.00%),差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),表明快速康復護理在臨床上的實踐價值具有更高的優越性。
綜上所述,對膝關節置換術后的患者采用快速康復護理療法,能加速術后患者功能恢復,大大提高患者生活質量,具有較高的臨床應用價值,值得廣泛應用于臨床。
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(收稿日期:2019-01-30) (本文編輯:李盈)