韓澤軍 丁洪偉 保利勇 何敏 楊志軍
摘 ?要: 無線傳感器網絡(WSN)因采用大量廉價的微型傳感器節點并可以感知和處理傳輸網絡覆蓋區域內被感知對象的信息而備受人們喜愛。在此,提出一種基于碰撞長度可變的三時鐘NP?CSMA提高系統的吞吐率,通過劃分成功分組發送時間1+[a]、碰撞分組發送時間[b+a]、空閑分組發送時間[a],利用平均周期法求出吞吐率、碰撞率和空閑率,并用仿真實驗驗證該理論的準確性。通過與其他協議進行對比,驗證了所提協議的優越性。
關鍵詞: 無線傳感器網絡; 碰撞長度可變; 三時鐘; NP?CSMA; 平均周期法; 隨機多址接入
中圖分類號: TN915.04?34; TP393 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼: A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號: 1004?373X(2019)15?0017?04
Analysis of a new NP?CSMA random multi?access WSN protocol
HAN Zejun, DING Hongwei, BAO Liyong, HE Min, YANG Zhijun
(School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China)
Abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN) is popular because it uses a large number of inexpensive micro sensor nodes, and can sense and process the information of the perceived objects in the transmission network coverage area. In this paper, a three?clock NP?CSMA (non? persistent carrier sense multi?channel access) with variable collision length is proposed to improve the system throughput rate. By dividing the successful packet sending time [1+a], collision packet sending time [b+a] and idle packet sending time [a], the throughput rate, collision rate and idle rate are calculated by means of average cycle method, and the accuracy of the theory is verified by simulation experiments. The superiority of this protocol is verified by comparison with other protocols.
Keywords: wireless sensor network; collision length variable; three?clock; NP?CSMA; average cycle method; random multi?access
0 ?引 ?言
無線傳感器網絡是集信息采集、處理和傳輸于一體的綜合智能信息系統,由大量造價低廉的微型傳感器節點組成[1?3],因而,廣受學者喜愛。國內外目前主要將其應用于醫療軍事和智能家電等諸多領域。傳統P?CSMA協議只規定信息空閑時[4?6]以[p]概率發送,信道忙時,則未說明。若持續偵聽信道,即為1堅持型P?CSMA(1P?CSMA)[7?9];不偵聽信道則為非堅持型P?CSMA(NP?CSMA)。1P?CSMA由于持續偵聽信道而能量消耗巨大,不適用于無線傳感器網絡。同時,NP?CSMA兼顧非堅持CSMA(Non?Persistent CSMA)特性,通過調節[p]概率,可保障在重負載下依然可以保持較低的碰撞率和較高的吞吐率。本文采用平均周期法對NP?CSMA協議進行建模,可精確獲得系統吞吐率([SU])、碰撞率([SB])、空閑率([SI1])、信息分組的發送時延([SI2])等重要參數。通過仿真實驗和理論分析,并與其他協議進行對比分析,驗證本協議的準確性和優越性。
1 ?基于碰撞長度可變的NP?CSMA接入無線傳感器網絡協議的模型描述
所有的系統終端節點均采用新型NP?CSMA[10?12],該協議在信道空閑時,以[p]概率進行發送;在信道忙時,不再偵聽信道,若發生碰撞,采用截斷二進制指數后退算法,隨機后退一個隨機的時間再重新發送。本文分別劃分成功、碰撞和空閑的發送時間為[1+a],[b+a]和[a]。圖1為碰撞長度可變的NP?CSMA協議系統模型圖。

為了分析系統性能,對系統作如下假設:
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