李玉東 胡曉丹 連海山



摘? 要: 通過(guò)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)交交變頻控制系統(tǒng)的分析,提出采用恒壓頻比控制的新型變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的脈沖阻塞原理。通過(guò)對(duì)單相功率器件的導(dǎo)通、關(guān)斷及脈沖阻塞和斬波信號(hào)的控制,實(shí)現(xiàn)了頻率和幅值分別或同時(shí)可調(diào)的正弦度良好的輸出電壓波形,推出了頻率和幅值的關(guān)系式。在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了多相斬波控制原理,又根據(jù)面積等效原理推出多相阻塞后的電壓波形在變脈寬斬波控制下占空比的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式。設(shè)計(jì)了以十二相為例的連續(xù)型新型交交變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。實(shí)現(xiàn)了電機(jī)在中低頻段或超低頻段輸出電壓的頻率和幅值同時(shí)可調(diào)、電壓輸出波形正弦度良好的功能。在MATLAB/Simulink環(huán)境下搭建仿真模型進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證可行性。
關(guān)鍵詞: 多相連續(xù)控制; 脈沖阻塞; 交交變頻; 調(diào)速系統(tǒng); MATLAB仿真
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TM351? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? 文章編號(hào):1006-8228(2019)07-15-04
Abstract: Through the analysis of the traditional AC frequency conversion control system, the pulse blocking principle of the new variable frequency speed control system using constant voltage frequency ratio control is proposed. By controlling the on, off and pulse blocking of the single-phase power device and the chopping signal control, the output voltage waveform with good sinusoidal is generated, and its frequency and amplitude can be adjusted separately or simultaneously. The relationship between the frequency and amplitude is introduced. On this basis, the principle of multi-phase chopping control is analyzed, and the mathematical expression of the duty cycle of multi-phase blocking voltage waveform under variable pulse width chopping control is introduced according to the area equivalent principle. A new type of multiphase continuous AC variable frequency speed regulation system is designed, in which 12-phase is taken as an example. The function that the frequency and amplitude of the output voltage of the motor in the middle or low frequency band or the ultra low frequency band are simultaneously adjustable is realized, and the sinusoidality of the voltage output waveform is good. The simulation model is built in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the feasibility is verified by simulation experiment.
Key words: multi-phase continuous control; pulse blocking; crossover frequency conversion; speed regulation system; MATLAB simulation
0 引言
電機(jī)及其控制系統(tǒng)作為工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備一直發(fā)揮著重要作用,尤其是變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)在具有高性能和高精度的電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中更是處于重要地位。對(duì)其運(yùn)行效率和控制性能提升的研究一直都是企業(yè)和學(xué)者長(zhǎng)期關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)[1-2]。就現(xiàn)階段的變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)而言,功率轉(zhuǎn)換模式分為交直交間接變頻和交交直接變頻兩類(lèi)[3-4]。交直交間接變頻技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它具有良好的調(diào)速性能、發(fā)展迅速;缺點(diǎn)是需要整流和濾波,對(duì)電解電容有較高的要求;其次在可逆運(yùn)行時(shí)需設(shè)置兩套逆變裝置;相對(duì)于交交直接變頻,交直交間接變頻控制更復(fù)雜成本也相對(duì)較高[5]。交交直接變頻的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是沒(méi)有中間濾波環(huán)節(jié);缺點(diǎn)是低頻段功率因數(shù)偏低,存在諧波污染,使用器件偏多等問(wèn)題。且它們常被用在大、中功率領(lǐng)域,極少涉及小功率領(lǐng)域[6]。為了提高變頻技術(shù)的實(shí)用性,本文變頻調(diào)速所使用的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)是交交直接變頻,并提出一種多相連續(xù)型新型交交變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)[7]。
本文先對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的晶閘管控制電路進(jìn)行分析,研究其交交變頻控制技術(shù)。并基于脈沖阻塞原理,在單相輸入單相輸出的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了多相連續(xù)型新型交交變頻調(diào)速整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行仿真,驗(yàn)證了該系統(tǒng)的可行性[8]。
1 傳統(tǒng)交交變頻器基本原理
圖1為單相交交變頻電路原理圖,該電路由兩組反并聯(lián)晶閘管變流電路構(gòu)成(P組和N組)。兩組變流器按照一定的頻率進(jìn)行交替,負(fù)載就能得到對(duì)應(yīng)的交流電。改變其切換頻率和觸發(fā)延時(shí)角α就能使輸出角頻率和電壓幅值發(fā)生變化。若想使輸出電壓Uc的波形近似正弦波,則只需對(duì)觸發(fā)延時(shí)角α依照正弦規(guī)律對(duì)其進(jìn)行調(diào)制。也就是在半個(gè)周期內(nèi)讓控制角αp從90度依次減小至0或某固定數(shù)值再依次增大到90度。在另外半周期內(nèi)讓N組變流器做同樣控制即可。