家庭、朋友和周圍的人

江西安遠縣第一中學 蔡新發

核心感知·素養解讀

“家庭、朋友和周圍的人”是高中英語課程標準中的重要話題之一，也是高考熱點主題之一。其內容包括本人、家人、鄰居、同學、老師、朋友和其他人的情況介紹，情況介紹會涉及人物的姓名、年齡、生日、出生地、居住地址、電話號碼、電子郵箱、職業、品格、性格、習慣、心理特征、意志品質、成績或者成就等方面。同時還會涉及球星、影星、同時代出現在各領域的名人、科學家、領袖人物、歷史人物及他們的趣聞逸事等。從體裁上看有記敘文和應用文，其中應用文包括書信、日記、通知、演講稿等。

在寫作過程中考生選材要有代表性，要做到精煉、感人，不拖泥帶水。同時要注意“5W 1H”的原則，注意上下文的人稱和時態要保持一致。可以采用順敘、倒敘或者插敘等記敘方法進行寫作。

寫前搜索·語庫構建

◇常用詞匯

parentn.父親；母親

fathern.父親；爸爸

mothern.母親；媽媽

brothern.兄弟；哥哥；弟弟

sistern.姐妹；姐姐；妹妹

grandparentn.祖父母；外祖父母

grandfathern.（外）祖父；爺爺

grandmothern.（外）祖母；奶奶

granddaughtern.（外）孫女

grandsonn.（外）孫子

father-in-lawn.岳父；公公

mother-in-lawn.岳母；婆婆

brother-in-lawn.姐（妹）夫；小叔子

sister-in-lawn.（夫或妻的）姐妹；嫂子；弟媳

stepfathern.繼父

stepmothern.繼母

couplen.夫婦；情侶

singlen.單身者adj.單身的

malen.男性adj.男性的

femalen.女性adj.女性的

generationn.代；一代人

offspringn.后代；后輩

ancestorn.祖先

housewifen.家庭主婦

cousinn.堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹

relativen.親屬；親戚

nephewn.侄子；外甥

niecen.侄女；外甥女

unclen.叔；伯；舅；姑父；姨父

auntn.嬸；伯母；舅媽；姑媽；姨

hostn.主人；節目主持人

hostessn.女主人

briden.新娘

bridegroomn.新郎

partnern.合伙人；同伴

fellown.同事；同輩

companionn.同伴；旅伴；伴侶

strangern.陌生人

headteachern.校長

neighbourn.鄰居；鄰人

acquaintancen.熟人；認識的人；泛泛之交

roommaten.室友；舍友

penpaln.筆友

netpaln.網友

seniorn.年長者；高年級學生

juniorn.年幼的兒子；小學生

eldern.長輩；長老

adultn.成年人

teenagern.青少年

colleaguen.同事；同僚

presidentn.總統；董事長；主席

chairmann.主席

accompanyv.陪同；陪伴

anxietyn.擔憂；焦慮

anxiousadj.憂慮的；焦急的

apologyn.道歉；歉意

apologizev.道歉；謝罪

arguev.爭辯；爭論

argumentn.爭辯；爭論

benefitn.福利；益處v.使受益

beneficialadj.有利的；有幫助的；有用的

comfortn.安慰；慰藉

comfortableadj.舒適的；安逸的

considerv.思考；考慮

considerationn.思考；考慮

considerateadj.體貼的

conversationn.對話

persuadev.說服；勸說

promisen.&v.答應；允諾

promotev.促進；推動；促銷

reasonv.推理；推論；推斷n.理由；原因

reputationn.名聲；名譽

sensitiveadj.敏感的；易生氣的

quarreln.&v.爭吵；吵架

conflictn.沖突

barriern.屏障；障礙

tensionn.緊張局勢

complainv.抱怨

embarrassv.使尷尬

misunderstandv.誤會；誤解

appreciatev.欣賞；感激

associatev.聯系

respectv.&n.尊重

respectfuladj.恭敬的；有禮貌的

sharev.分享

cooperatev.合作

congratulatev.祝賀

abandonv.拋棄；舍棄；放棄

gratefuladj.感激的

sincereadj.真誠的

mercifuladj.寬大的；仁慈的

modestadj.謙虛的；謙遜的

enthusiasticadj.熱情的

preciousadj.珍貴的

reliableadj.可信賴的

patientadj.有耐心的

admirableadj.值得贊賞的；可欽佩的

friendlyadj.友好的

◇常用短語

adopted son養子

foster father養父

know sb well熟知某人

make friendswith sb和某人交朋友

make up和解

be loyal to sb對某人忠誠

be ready to help others樂于助人

be concerned for/about對……擔心

be in harmony with...與……和諧/協調一致

be on good termswith sb與某人關系好

be admitted to/into被……錄取

be famous athome and abroad國內外聞名

be bored with厭煩

be fed up with飽受；厭煩

be considered to be被認為是

speak highly of高度贊揚

major in主修

be determined to do決心做

go aboard for further study出國深造

get higher education接受更高的教育

receive a doctor's degree獲得博士學位

graduate from從……畢業

share...with...與……分享

depend/rely on依靠；相信；信賴

have...in common有……共同之處

fit in with與……相適應/相融洽

congratulations to sb on sth在某事上祝賀某人

get on/along wellwith sb與某人相處融洽

look after/take care of照顧

look down on/upon看不起；輕視

communicate with與……交流

show off炫耀

stick to堅持

turn to sb for help向某人求助

keep in touch with與……保持聯系

break up分手；解散；結束

make great progress取得很大的進步

devote oneself to致力于

achieve our dream of實現我們……的夢想

serve as擔任……工作

have aword with sb和某人說句話

havewordswith sb與某人發生口角

blame sb for sth因某事責備某人

be to blame for sth對……負責

have a good knowledge of了解；精通

have a prejudice against對……有偏見

set a good example to給……樹立好榜樣

bother sb about/with sth使某人為……煩惱

consult sb about sth向某人咨詢某事

forgive sb for sth原諒某人某事

have a better understanding of sth對某事有更好的理解

be awarded the title of被授予……的稱號

have a gift for有……的天賦

◇常用句式

1.It was not until Iwas chosen asmonitor of my class in my senior middle school that I realized the importance of cooperating with others.直到上高中我被選為班長時我才意識到與他人合作的重要性。

2.It is(was)the first time that I has(had)had a better understanding of the development ofmodern Western art.這是我第一次對現代西方藝術有了更好的理解。

3.Just as the saying goes,“One tree doesn't make a forest.”Our success is based on cooperating with others.正如諺語所言，“獨木難成林。”我們的成功是建立在與他人合作的基礎上的。

4.My cousin regarded the diary as her best friend,and in it she revealed her desire for a normal life.我的堂妹把日記當作最好的朋友，在日記中她表達了對過上正常生活的渴望。

5.We should be kind to one another,which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life.我們應當彼此友善，這對于享受和諧的生活是必要的。

6.He wonders whether it is because her friends are so concerned about her that she has calmed herself down.他在想是否因為她的朋友對她很關心，所以她的心情才得以平復下來。

7.With friendship,life is happy and harmonious.Without friendship,life is hostile and unfortunate.擁有友誼，生活就會快樂又和諧；沒有友誼，生活就會充滿敵意與不幸。

8.I find it an honor for me to have the chance to study with somany excellent students,some warm-hearted,some diligent and some kind.有機會和這么多優秀的同學一起學習我覺得非常榮幸，這些同學有的非常熱心，有的非常勤奮，還有的非常善良。

9.Therefore,we should keep calm nomatter what happens in the future.Only in thisway can we deal with things correctly and maintain our friendship.因此，不管將來發生什么事情我們都應該保持冷靜，只有用這種方式我們才能恰當地處理問題并維護好我們的友誼。

10.As is known to us all,children spend less time having heart-to-heart talks with their parentswhen they grow older.眾所周知，當孩子們長大的時候，他們與父母進行知心交談的時間更少了。

11.Aswe all know,making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships,and build a harmonious society.眾所周知，交友有助于我們建立良好的人際關系，也有利于構建和諧社會。

12.I hope we can stay in touch with each other so that we can communicate with each other to know more about Chinese and British culture.我希望我們之間能保持聯系，這樣我們就可以相互交流，從而了解更多中國和英國的文化。

◇經典語段

1.It is a common scene to see parentswaiting for their children at the school gate or sending their children to school.The reasons are obvious.First of all,parents are concerned about their children's safety.They think it is not safe for children to go to school on their own,especially at rush hour.Secondly,some children live too far away from school,so they have to use cars to get home.Besides,some parents are worried that their childrenmay go to an Internet bar or play with their friends on the way home.經常可以看到父母在校門口等孩子或者送孩子上學，原因是顯而易見的。首先，父母擔心孩子的安全，他們認為孩子自己去上學不安全，特別是在交通高峰期。其次，有一些孩子住的離校較遠，家長得開車去接送他們。另外，有些父母擔心孩子在放學路上會去網吧或者跟朋友玩耍。

2.After a brief introduction,the craftsman created a dough figurine skillfully.Eyes wide open,we watched him with enthusiasm.Looking at the vivid dough figurine,we couldn't wait to give it a go.Under the patient instruction of the craftsman,I accomplished a dough figurine in a few minutes,and so did my classmates.簡單介紹之后，面人藝術家嫻熟地捏了一個面人。我們饒有興趣地看著，眼睛睜得大大的。看著這栩栩如生的面人，我們迫不及待地想要試著捏一個。在他的耐心指導下，我幾分鐘便捏了一個，我的同學也捏成了面人。

3.Last Saturday,Iwent to the Olympic Forest Park with my parents to take part in an activity called “IWalk,and I'm Fit”.The activity we participated in was meaningful,which gave me a great deal of inspiration.Early in the morning,hardly had we arrived at the registra-tion place when we signed our names immediately.Seeing the sea of people doing warm-up exercises,we couldn't wait to join them.Soon afterwards,a signal was given off and we went along the walking route,which ran around the park.It seemed that no one wanted to be left behind.Thinking of that,I couldn't help walking faster than ever.More than one hour later,our effort paid off.We won first prize.How delighted wewere!上星期六，我和父母參加了奧林匹克森林公園舉行的“健步走”活動。這項活動意義非凡，給了我許多靈感。一大早，我們一到達報到處就立刻簽到。看到大家都在做熱身運動，我們也迫不及待地加入了他們。不久后，發令槍聲響了，我們沿著繞公園的路線行進。所有人都爭先恐后，想到這一點，我情不自禁地加快了步伐。一個多小時后，我們的付出終于有了回報。我們獲得了第一名。我們多高興啊！

典題鏈接·語篇速成

假定你是紅星中學高三 （1）班的學生李華，請按照以下四幅圖的先后順序，用英語寫一篇周記。記述你和父母一起為爺爺過生日的過程。

注意：詞數100左右。

◇內容分析

本文要求考生看圖敘事，描述全家人為爺爺過生日的過程。本文人稱為第一人稱，時態以一般過去時為主，偶爾也會用過去完成時和一般將來時。文章可分三部分來寫：

1.開頭：簡介。上周周日是爺爺的生日，全家都做好了計劃為他慶祝生日。

2.故事發展：以時間為主線，按時間順序，分別描述每幅圖的要點和細節，注意銜接與過渡。圖一：和父母去商場挑選毛衣，作為生日禮物送給爺爺。圖二：回到家后，在母親的幫助下，給爺爺做生日蛋糕。圖三：晚上，一家人給爺爺慶祝生日，一起吃蛋糕和祝福爺爺。圖四：吃完蛋糕后，一家人合影留念。

3.結尾：得到的啟示或者體會。自己能為爺爺做點事情的心情及對爺爺最美好的祝愿。

◇實用的短語與句式

give a surprise to sb給某人一個驚喜plan to do計劃做

make a birthday cake做生日蛋糕get together團聚give one's bestwishes to sb向某人致以最美好的祝愿

take photos拍照

I feel greatly delighted that...我為……感到非常高興

◇滿分作文欣賞

Last Sunday wasmy grandfather's birthday.My parents and I had planned to do something for him.

Early in themorning,we went to a shop to buy a sweater as a present for my grandfather.After we got home,we decided to give a surprise to my grandfather,so Imade a birthday cake with the help of my mother.In the evening,we gathered to celebrate his birthday.We had the birthday cake and gave our best wishes to my grandfather.After that,we took photos to record thewonderfulmoment.

I feel very delighted that I have done something formy grandfather.Ihopemy grandfather will live a happy life every day.

主題實踐·語用檢測

最近你校準備舉行“最美老師”的評選活動，你受學生會的委托給校英文報寫一則通知，內容包括：

1.評選時間和地點；

2.評選標準；

3.其他事宜。

注意：

1.詞數100左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

Notice

寫中導引·技能點撥

◇審題謀篇

1.體裁：本文為一篇______；

2.時態：本文時態以______和______為主；

3.人稱：本文人稱主要為______和______。

◇素材提煉

1.舉行活動______________________________

2.有豐富的知識__________________________

3.致力于_________________________________

4.教育事業______________________________

5.伸出援助之手__________________________

6.期待；期盼_____________________________

◇核心要點

1.本周五，我校將舉行“最美教師”的評選活動。This Friday,an activity called Selection of the Most Beautiful Teachers _____________.

2.要求每個學生在紙上寫下自己最喜歡的老師。Every student should _____________on a piece of paper.

3.你在評選自己最喜歡的老師時可以遵循以下原則。when you choose your fa

vorite teacher.

4.你評選的老師不僅要學識淵博，熱愛教學事業，還要擁有良好的教學方法，樂于助人。

The teachers should have _____________.They should also have good teaching methods and be happy to help others.

5.班長收齊調查表，并統計好結果后，把結果交到學生會。

Themonitorsaresupposed tocollectallthepaper,countup the result,and then ____________.

◇連句成篇

Notice

寫后導思·反思提升

◇語言升級

1.The teachers should have rich knowledge and they love teaching.（用not only...but also...改寫）

______________________have rich knowledge but they also love teaching.

2.The monitors are supposed to collect all the paper and count up the result.After that,they should hand in the result to the Student Union.（用It's high time that句式改寫）

After the paper is collected,it's high time that________________________and hand in the result to the Student Union.

◇高階作文

Notice