遂昌湖山林場水源林闊葉化改造及林分結構變化評估

賴根偉 袁位高 龔笑飛 邱偉清 潘江炎 胡雙臺 焦潔潔 吳初平 王志高

摘要 水源林的質量提升是經濟和社會發展的必然需求。該研究針對浙江遂昌湖山林場水源林中針葉林面積比重大、林相單調和林分結構簡單的特點，在馬尾松林和杉木林+馬尾松林中，分別采取了11.8%和35.3%的間伐強度，為間伐補植和人工促進更新創造條件，并對改造后的林分結構和林木質量進行對比評估。結果表明，經過技術改造，馬尾松林和杉木林+馬尾松林中闊葉樹的比例分別提高4.6百分點和12.0百分點，干形質量較優的林木比例分別提高7.8百分點和7.0百分點，生活力較強的林木比例分別提高4.9百分點和25.3百分點;無損傷的林木比例分別提高6.9百分點和17.1百分點。馬尾松林透光條件改善不顯著，杉木林+馬尾松林中透光條件嚴重不足的林木比例下降17.6百分點，透光條件基本滿足以上的林木比例提高了約13百分點。經過技術改造，湖山景觀水源林群落的自然化、混交化和異齡化程度以及林內景觀質量得到顯著提升，為進一步經營技術的實施奠定了基礎，長期效果需要進一步持續地定位觀測研究。

關鍵詞 水源林;闊葉化改造;林分結構;湖山林場

中圖分類號 S756文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）11-0125-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.11.035

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Abstract Quality enhancement in water conservation forest region was demanded with the development of economy and society. Aiming at the large area of coniferous forest， monotonous forest landscape and simple stand structure in forest for water conversation of Hushan Forest Farm in Suichang， Zhejiang Province， 11.8% and 35.3% thinning intensifications were adopted in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata+ P. massoniana forest respectively. The stand structure and growth situation were evaluated and compared between experimental samples and controlled samples in this paper. The results indicated that the proportion of broadleaf trees was increased by 4.6 and 12.0 percentage points? respectively， stand shape quality was increased by 7.8 and 7.0 percentage points， and the proportion of stand without damage increased by 69 and 17.1 percentage points. The stand viability was increased by 4.9 and 25.3 percentage points，respectively. Significant improvement of the light conditions in C. lanceolata+P. massoniana forest was found， but not significant in P. massoniana forest. After broadleaf transformation， the mixed unevenaged forest was constructed and forest landscapes were significantly improved， which laid a foundation for the implementation of management technology. Long term monitoring study was also suggested to evaluate the effects of broadleaf transformation on water conversation forest.

Key words Forest for water conversation;Broadleaf transformation;Stand structure;Hushan Forest Farm

基金項目 浙江省重點研發項目（2015c02016）;遂昌縣林業局項目（2016XH031）。

作者簡介 賴根偉（1966—），男，浙江遂昌人，工程師，從事森林培育工作。 通信作者，副教授，博士，從事森林生態學研究。

收稿日期 2019-01-21