打開“百館之城”的方式

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1930年，重慶首座博物館——峽區(qū)博物館（重慶自然博物館前身）開館。2018年12月，重慶文物局發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，重慶登記備案的博物館有100家，重慶成為“百館之城”。

除了重慶中國三峽博物館、紅巖革命歷史博物館、重慶自然博物館這些耳熟能詳?shù)牟┪镳^，還有曝光率不高的五花八門的博物館，如火鍋博物館、辣椒博物館、紅酒博物館、巴渝民俗博物館、巴渝名匾博物館、鋼琴博物館……

從1到100，這不僅是一個簡單的數(shù)字上的增長，它展示了一個更為豐富、更有歷史、更具內(nèi)涵的重慶，見證著這座城市的發(fā)展與文明的進(jìn)步。2018年，重慶的博物館接待觀眾3336萬人次，逛博物館已成為許多市民生活方式的一部分。

In 1930, Chongqing Gorges Museum (the city's first museum, predecessor of Chongqing Natural History Museum) opened. In December 2018,according to the statistics released by Chongqing Cultural Relics Bureau, there are as many as 100 museums put on records in the city. Chongqing is now reputed as the “City of 100 Museums”.

In addition to such well-known museums as Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum, Hongyan Revolutionary History Museum and Chongqing Natural History Museum, there are also a diversity of low-profile museums, including Hot Pot Museum,Pepper Museum, Red Wine Museum, Bayu Folk Museum, Bayu Inscribed Board Museum, Piano Museum...

From 1 to 100, it's not only a growth in number,but also a demonstration of a richer, more historical,more connotative Chongqing, as well as testimony to the city's evolution and progress of civilization.In 2018, the city's museums received 33.36 million visits. Visiting museums has become part of the life of many citizens.

床里的巴渝民俗 Bayu Folk in Bed

渝北碧津公園內(nèi)，幾座仿古建筑院落格外醒目。

青瓦白墻，翠竹深深，這里便是重慶巴渝民俗博物館。

巴渝民俗博物館以古床館聞名，其中最出名的當(dāng)屬有著“天下第一床”美譽的六柱五檐滿金雕花大床。

這張大床通身金漆，用“金碧輝煌”來形容一點不過。工作人員告訴我們，這張床來自渝北一戶戴姓人家，據(jù)說主人曾聘請三位匠師，用足足三年時間制作完成，單是床上的黃金就用了兩百多克。

古床保存完好，由內(nèi)向外看，共有五層，每層檐板上雕刻著梅、蘭、竹、菊圖紋，并穿插著蝙蝠、蝴蝶、牡丹、壽桃、石榴等寓意吉祥的圖案，精致繁復(fù)。

在民間，曾有“石刻精華在大足，木雕精品在渝北”的說法。在這里，共收藏有40多件清代中晚期巴渝地區(qū)各式特色古床和精品木雕家具。

除古床館外，博物館還設(shè)有民俗館，展示晚清至民國時期的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕生產(chǎn)、衣食住行、巴渝傳統(tǒng)婚俗等。

In the Bijin Park of Yubei District, a few antique buildings are particularly eye-catching.

Here, Chongqing Bayu Folk Museum is spotted among green tiles, white walls and bamboos.

Famous for its House of Ancient Bed, the Museum has the most renowned 6-poster and 5-eave bed all carved with gold, which is reputed as the No. 1 Bed in the World.

巴渝民俗博物館展覽面積1000余平方米，館藏達(dá)1100余件

This big bed, covered all in gold lacquer, can be described as "resplendent and magnificent ". The staff told us that this bed came from a Dai family in Yuibei.The owner is said to have employed three craftsmen to spend three years in making it. Over 200 grams of gold was used on the bed.

The ancient bed is kept intact. It contains five levels of eaves from the inside to the outside, each carved with the patterns of plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, spotted with exquisite and complicated patterns of bats, butterflies, peony,peach and pomegranate that imply auspiciousness.

There is a folk belief that "The best stone carving is in Dazu, and the best wood carving in Yubei".Here are housed more than 40 ancient beds and fine wood carving furniture of all styles in the Bayu area from the middle and late Qing Dynasty.

Except for the House of Ancient Bed, the Museum also has the House of Folk Customs, which showcases traditional farming, clothing, food, housing and transportation and Bayu's traditional wedding from Late Qing Dynasty to the period of the Republic of China.

小匾額看古人生活 A Glance at the Life of the Ancients through Inscribed Boards

從佛圖關(guān)輕軌站沿著階梯往下，走到李子壩正街后，再順著道路走上幾分鐘，便能看到“重慶市巴渝名匾文化藝術(shù)博物館”掩映在一片綠林之中。

在館長劉光瑞的帶領(lǐng)下，我們拾級而下，發(fā)現(xiàn)館內(nèi)別有洞天——匾額博物館竟是座藏在地下的博物館。

進(jìn)入展廳，四面墻上都固定著匾額。匾額普遍呈長方形，木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，雖然大都年代久遠(yuǎn)，紅漆脫落，但是匾額上的字跡卻依舊清晰。

“別看他們只是小小一塊匾，雖片辭數(shù)語，這里面的學(xué)問卻非常深，蘊含了古代中國建筑、民俗、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)和書法等包羅萬象的內(nèi)容?！眲⒐馊鹫f，匾額是中華民族特有的一種民俗文化精品，古人做匾是一件很考究的事情。

“它不僅僅是一塊木頭，而是一個家族的臉面和榮譽。一般會請名人來題寫，除了內(nèi)容要貼切，還要有高水平的書法藝術(shù)。”

仔細(xì)看匾上的字，我們看到“解元”“武舉”“進(jìn)士”“文元”等內(nèi)容。劉光瑞告訴我們，這個展廳展示的是科舉匾。科舉分為鄉(xiāng)試、會試和殿試三級。鄉(xiāng)試是省份舉行的最基層考試，明朝的唐伯虎有一個雅號叫“唐解元”，就因為他在鄉(xiāng)試中得了第一名。

過了科舉匾廳，還有“官匾廳”“宗祠匾廳”“招牌匾廳”“醫(yī)匾廳”等。這里共匯集了3200多塊不同時期的匾額，包括清代大書法家何紹基、北洋大臣李鴻章、晚清重臣左宗棠等的匾。

Stepping down the stair of the light rail station Fotuguan, reaching the main street of Liziba and walking along the street for a few minutes, you'll see Chongqing Bayu Cultural and Art Museum of Inscribed Boards surrounded in green leaves.

Led by the curator Liu Guangrui, we stepped down and found a different scene of the museum --it's actually an underground museum

Entering the hall, we found inscribed boards fixed on the four walls. The boards are rectangular and made of wood. Most of them are time-honored with peeled off red lacquer, but the inscriptions on them are still clear.

"They're boards of small size, but the inscriptions carry great wisdom, containing a diversity of elements including ancient Chinese architecture, folklore, literature, art and calligraphy," said Liu. Inscribed board is a folk essence unique to the Chinese nation. The ancients were rather careful when making it.

來自法國、西班牙、智利、澳大利亞等30多個國家的紅酒

"It's not only a piece of wood, but the face and glory of a family. Usually famous figures are invited to inscribe it. the content must be pertinent and show a high level of calligraphic skill. ”

Checking the content on the boards, we saw"Jieyuan", "Wuju", "Jinshi" and "Wenyuan" and so on. Liu told us that this hall shows the boards for imperial examinations. There are three levels of imperial examinations: provincial examination,metropolitan examination and palace examination.Provincial examination is a grass-roots examination.In the Dynasty of Ming, Tang Bohu was also known as Jieyuan Tang. That's because he won the first place in the provincial examination.

After passing this hall, we also saw the government official board hall, ancestral temple board hall, signboard board hall and doctor board hall. There are over 3,200 boards from different times, inscribed by He Shaoji (calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty), Li Hongzhang (minister of Beiyang ),Zuo Zongtang (important minister of the Late Qing Dynasty) and more.

重慶最大的紅酒博物館 The Biggest Red Wine Museum in Chongqing

從軌道交通金渝站下車，沿著導(dǎo)航走上十分鐘，就能找到紅酒博物館。

這家博物館工業(yè)主題風(fēng)格的設(shè)計頗為文藝，四面高墻上都擺滿了各種紅酒。

進(jìn)門左側(cè)是紅酒文化區(qū)，除了展示各種紅酒，還介紹葡萄酒的發(fā)展歷程、分類品種等知識。最吸引人的，這是右側(cè)那堵高高的“紅酒墻”，密密麻麻的紅酒整齊排列，蔚為壯觀。

這個重慶最大的紅酒博物館占地12000多平方米，一共有5000多個品種、100多萬瓶紅酒，來自法國、西班牙、智利、澳大利亞等30多個國家。

工作人員告訴我們，下一步，博物館還將設(shè)置紅酒教室，開設(shè)紅酒課堂，聘請國外專業(yè)葡萄酒釀造師和品酒師傳播紅酒文化，為市民免費介紹紅酒鑒賞等知識。

Getting off at the light rail station Jinyu and walking for less than 10 minutes following the navigation, we reached Red Wine Museum.

This museum seems rather artistic with the industrial style of designing, red wine placed all over the walls on the four sides.

On the left side behind the door is the area of red wine culure, where all kinds of red wine are displayed, with the introduction of the wine evolution and classification. The most eye-catching is the Red Wine Wall on the right side, where there is a dense, neat and impressive arrangement of red wine.

This is the biggest red wine museum in Chongqing. It covers an area of 12,000m2, housing more than one million bottles of red wine under over 5,000 categories, from 30 countries including France, Spain, Chile and Australia.

The staff told us that the museum is planning to set up a wine classroom to teach wine lesson,employing foreign professional winemakers and sommeliers to spread the wine culture and wine appreciation knowledge to the public for free.

通過世界名琴與大師對話 A Dialogue with Masters through Worldfamous Pianos

坐上公交車，在九龍濱江路廣場站下車，再沿著街道走上五分鐘，便能看到一座歐式風(fēng)格的低矮建筑。這里便是黃桷坪鋼琴博物館。

我們來的時候正值工作日，館內(nèi)并沒多少人。在滿目的各式鋼琴間漫步，四周竟又如此安靜，感覺十分奇妙。

工作人員說，這里收藏著18世紀(jì)至20世紀(jì)世界各地的300余架古董鋼琴，涵蓋查克林、斯坦威、門德爾松、貝茨斯坦等世界著名品牌，是世界最大的鋼琴博物館。

這里的大部分藏品都曾經(jīng)在大師的指間跳動中，奏出美妙的音符。

館內(nèi)非常安靜，各式鋼琴將人們帶入一個與外界隔離的鋼琴藝術(shù)世界

在琴王區(qū)，一臺查克林鋼琴外觀保存完整，琴身由紅木制成，琴板為雕花鏤空。它產(chǎn)于1895年，曾是著名管弦樂組曲《動物狂歡節(jié)》的作曲者、法國著名鋼琴家、作曲家圣桑的御用鋼琴。百年過去了，它依然能發(fā)出優(yōu)美的樂聲。

鋼琴博物館內(nèi)還有獨立的藝術(shù)館，能欣賞到不少大師的畫作。同時，這里還設(shè)有九龍坡區(qū)圖書館音樂主題圖書分館，館藏2萬余冊音樂類圖書。

Getting on a bus, getting off at Guangchang Station of Binjiang Road, Jiulongpo District, and walking for 5 minutes along the street, you will spot a low-rise building of European style. That's Huangjueping Piano Museum.

It's a working day when we arrived. The museum wasn't receiving many visitors. Roaming the piano rooms of different styles, you'll find your surroundings quiet and wonderful.

According to the staff, there are more than 300 antique pianos from around the world between the 18th and 20th century, including world famous brands such as Chaklin, Steinway, Mendelssohn and Batesstein. It's the biggest piano museum in the world.

Most of the collections here were once played between the fingers of masters, producing wonderful musical note.

In the Piano King area, a Chaklin piano is kept intact, made of rosewood, with a hollowed-out and carved table. Made in 1895, it was quite often used by Saint-Sa?ns, the famous French pianist and composer who created the famous orchestral music Carnival of the Animals. After a hundred years, it can still produce beautiful melody.

There is also an independent art gallery in the Piano Museum, where you may enjoy a lot of master paintings, as well as a music-themed branch of Jiulongpo District Library, which collects more than 20,000 music books.

產(chǎn)于160年前的查克林鋼琴，是博物館的一臺“琴王”(上)

藏品都經(jīng)歷了歲月的沉淀和大師的洗禮，反映了那個時代的歷史，銘刻著主人的故事(下)