咸水種蔬菜，不咸味更美

浙江寧波市鄞州高級中學 溫宏娟

“民以食為天，食以土為本。”土壤是萬物生長的源泉，但是隨著氣候的變化，海平面的上升，土壤鹽堿化已經成為一種普遍的現象。全球鹽堿地面積竟然有9.55億公頃!

不過，任何事物都有兩面性，鹽堿化的土壤也能為一些作物提供特殊的成長環境,那種出的味道又會如何呢?

聽力掃障

1.salinizationn.鹽堿化

2.salinen.鹽水

3.irrigationn.灌溉；水利

4.salinityn.鹽分

5.sensorn.傳感器

6.hectaren.公頃

掃碼聽測

Ⅰ.聽力理解

聽下面一段錄音并閱讀6個簡短的陳述，根據錄音內容判斷這些陳述是否符合所聽內容，考查重點是學生對意義的理解能力和信息獲取能力。

In this section,you will hear a passage.After you hear the passage,decide whether each of the statement is correct （A）,incorrect （B） or not mentioned （C）.

1 C l i m a t e c h a n g e i s t h e f u n d a m e n t a l r e a s o n f o r s a l i n i z a t i o n.A B C 2 3 I r r i g a t i o n i s t o s u p p l y l a n d w i t h f r e s h w a t e r f r o m o t h e r a r e a s.M a r c V a n R i j s s e l b e r g h e i s a f a r m e r f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s.A B C A B C 4 M r.V a n R i j s s e l b e r g h e m a d e h i s e x p e r i m e n t b y h i m s e l f.A B C 5 6 M r.V a n R i j s s e l b e r g h e w a s a b l e t o h a r v e s t v e g e t a b l e s f r o m a l l t h e a r e a s.F a r m e r s i n I n d i a h a v e a l s o c a r r i e d t h e s i m i l a r e x p e r i m e n t.A B C A B C

Ⅱ.聽寫練習

一邊聽錄音一邊閱讀以下文字材料，這些文字材料不是錄音的全部內容，而是以提綱、摘要、筆記、圖表等形式再現的錄音的主要內容，需要補全的內容一般是錄音中的關鍵信息。注意每空一詞。

Farmer using sea water and fresh water to grow tasty vegetables

Climate change has led to salinization.So some farmers are unable to use fields close to the 1._________.With scientists from the Free University of Amsterdam， a（n） 2._________in the Netherlands， is now carrying out an experiment to grow vegetables with a（n）3._________of sea and fresh water.He put several kinds of plants in fresh water and in sea water and all the 4._________between it.He divided a farm into 5.________irrigated areas.Surprisingly，vegetables in sea water were smaller than those grown in fresh water but they taste 6________._.

文本解說

本文是一篇科技報道。講述了在氣候變化導致農田鹽堿化的背景下，荷蘭農民Van Rijsselberghe與科學家們一起探索如何利用咸水種植農作物的故事。文章的結構十分清晰：提出問題（鹽堿化造成農民耕地減少）→解決問題（荷蘭農民利用咸水種植蔬菜）→實驗概況（方法+開展方式<與科學家一起>+實驗結果）→應用前景。把握這樣的語篇結構，有利于抓住文章的主要信息，對閱讀能力的提升非常有幫助。

體裁 報道 文章詞數 3 8 8 難度指數 ★★★題材 人與環境 建議用時 7′

Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels.This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water used on coastal farms.As a result,farmers are increasingly unable to use fields close to the sea.Scientists call this process “salinization”.The term comes from the word “saline” —which means a mixture of salt and water.

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says salinization is reducing the world's irrigated lands by 1～2 percent every year.Irrigationis the process of supplying land with fresh water from other areas.But a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a mixture of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.

Marc Van Rijsselberghe started with an experiment.He put several kinds of plants in saline.“We put in a lot of plants in the fields and then we put in,put them in fresh water and in sea water and all the varieties between it,and then we see which variety is surviving and which variety is dying.”

Mr.Van Rijsselberghe worked on the project with scientists from the Free University of Amsterdam.He divided a farm into eight irrigated areas.Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water,and a computer program created water with eight levels ofsalinity.“And then computer says ‘go'and then it goes to the fields and dripping irrigation starts to work and we are going to kill plants.That's it.”Computerized measuring devices called “sensors”controlled the water levels and the levels of salinity.

Mr.Van Rijsselberghe says he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight test areas.He says the vegetables were smaller than those grown in fresh water.But he says they also have more sugar and salt,so they taste better.“It's a miracle.I mean,it shouldn't be a carrot,it should be dying if we look at the data that are available in the world at the moment.”

The farmer grew carrots,cabbage,onions and beetroot （甜菜）.But he found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water.

Mr.Van Rijsselberghe says four kinds of these potatoes were recently sent to Pakistan,where thousands ofhectaresof land has been damaged by salinization.Farmers in Pakistan will test the Dutch potatoes to see if they can be grown in those fields.

背景知識

可持續發展觀下的鹽堿化問題一瞥

人類進入21世紀,科學技術的發展達到了一個新的階段,極大地推動了社會經濟的進步。另一方面,人類面臨的問題仍然十分突出,如氣候變化、土地沙漠化、土壤鹽堿化、環境污染等。目前,全球鹽堿地面積已達約9.55億公頃。土壤鹽堿化已成為重要的環境問題之一。究其原因主要是不適當灌溉、植被破壞和海水內侵。在人口不斷增長、耕地逐漸減少的情況下,改良利用鹽堿地具有重要意義。采取的基本方法包括工程措施、耕作措施和綜合措施。植樹造林是改良鹽堿地的生物措施之一,不但可以改善環境,抑制土壤鹽堿化,而且可以直接利用鹽堿地生產林木果品,提高鹽堿地的生產能力和經濟效益。