侯思遠 譚永峰 馮星火

[摘要]目的 系統評價替加環素單藥治療以及聯合治療耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌的效果。方法 通過計算機檢索自建庫到2018年9月Cochrane圖書館、EmBase、PubMed、中國期刊全文數據庫(CNKI)以及中國生物醫學文獻數據庫(CBM)關于替加環素治療耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌的臨床研究。由2名研究者按入選與排除標準獨立篩選試驗,并對納入研究的方法學質量進行評價,提取資料,采用Review Manager 5.3軟件對數據進行Meta分析,計算比值比(OR)和95%置信區間(95%CI)。結果 最終本研究納入了9篇臨床試驗。替加環素單藥治療與其他單藥治療對耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者的死亡率比較,差異無統計學意義(OR=1.07,95%CI=0.63~1.82,P=0.8)。以替加環素為基礎的聯合治療與其他藥物聯合治療相比,對耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者的死亡率差異無統計學意義(OR=1.40,95%CI=0.89~2.21,P=0.15)。結論 無論是替加環素單藥還是以替加環素為基礎的聯合治療,均不能有效改善耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者的死亡率。本結論尚需要更多大樣本、高質量的臨床隨機對照試驗予以證實。
[關鍵詞]替加環素;耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌;單藥治療;聯合治療;Meta分析
[中圖分類號] R453.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2019)2(c)-0064-04
[Abstrcat] Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of Tegacycline monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (CRKP) infections. Methods The clinical studies of Tegacycline in the treatment of CRKP were retrieved from Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) by computer from the construction of the library to September 2018. Two reviewers independently retrieved studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessed the methodological quality of included trials, and extracted data. The data analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 software. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcome analysis. Results A total of 9 studies were included in this study. There was no significant difference in the mortality of CRKP infection between Tegacycline monotherapy and other monotherapy (OR=1.07, 95%CI=0.63-1.82, P=0.8). There was no significant difference in mortality among CRKP patients treated with Tigacycline-based combination therapy compared with other drugs combination therapy (OR=1.40, 95%CI=0.89-2.21, P=0.15). Conclusion Both Tigecycline monotherapy and Tigecycline-based combination therapy do not significantly improve the mortality of patients with CRKP infections. This conclusion needs more large sample and high quality clinical randomized controlled trials to confirm.
[Key words] Tigecycline; Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; Monotherapy; Combination therapy; Meta analysis
目前,耐碳青霉烯類的肺炎克雷伯菌(carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae,CRKP)已經成為世界范圍內最重要的醫院感染病原體之一[1],具有較高的死亡率、較長的住院時間以及較高的住院花費等特點[2-3]。CRKP對大多數可用抗菌藥物,包括碳青霉烯類抗菌藥物,其產生耐藥性的能力迫使我們去尋求新的抗感染治療方案。
替加環素主要具有抑菌活性,分布較廣,但是在血清中濃度較低[18]。在使用替加環素治療CRKP感染的同時也可能導致替加環素耐藥的情況從而使治療失敗[19]。納入的研究中大多數患者為CRKB的血流感染患者,以上因素可能是導致在本研究中替加環素療效不滿意的主要原因。
當然,本研究存在著很多的限制性。①影響死亡率的因素有很多,比如患者的年齡、基礎疾病狀態、是否擁有較高的APACHE Ⅱ評分等,這些都影響著患者的死亡率,而本研究僅僅納入了全因死亡率這一個指標去評價替加環素治療CRKP的效果,其中可能存在著較大的偏倚;②筆者無法從納入的研究中獲得更多大家關注的數據,比如臨床癥狀的改善、細菌清除率;③只有兩篇文獻交待了替加環素的用法用量,大多數的文獻均未交待具體的給藥方案,如果對不同劑量進行亞組分析可能會減少偏倚的出現;④納入的文獻都不是隨機對照研究,文獻的偏倚較高,可能會影響本研究的結果。
綜上所述,無論是替加環素單藥還是以替加環素為基礎的聯合治療,均并不能有效改善CRKP感染患者的死亡率,因此在治療上需要謹慎選擇。但是由于本研究納入文獻的偏倚風險較高,本結論尚需要更多大樣本、高質量的臨床隨機對照試驗予以證實。
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(收稿日期:2018-12-13 本文編輯:祁海文)