英文目錄與摘要

Liu Liang, Ph.D. Candidate, Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.

Co-regency, two or more persons in the supreme ruling position in the same time, was a more common situation in ancient Egypt than in other ancient civilizations. Father-son co-regency as the main form of this type of regency, which was not considered contradictory to the traditional sole reign, normally happened in the establishing era of a dynasty. It was a way to ensure the power transaction within the royal family and it had helped to maintain the social stability as well. The mid and later Ptolemaic Dynasty,however, adopted other forms of co-regencies such as husband-wife co-regency and mother-son co-regency.The newer practice for some reasons constituted a factor responsible for the internal conflicts and the destruction of the dynasty.

Ancient Egypt; co-regency; Ptolemaic Dynasty; politics

Chen Siwei, Associate Professor, School of History and Culture, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang,Henan, 464000, China.

The role of the maritime traders in Athenian politics is a quite disputed issue. Since Finley’s theory was established as the orthodoxy, their political influence has been underrated or even neglected. Based on a survey of the political and maritime trade experiences of the Androcles family, Demosthenes family,and Agyrrhius family, this paper argues that some of the maritime traders were actively involved in the Athenian politics and played important roles based upon their wealth and financial managerial experiences.The politicians with maritime trade background referred asformed up a category of people with both economic ration and social responsibility.

Athens; maritime trade; political participation;

Wen Shanshan, Lecturer, College of Humanities and Communications, Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai, 200234, China.

This paper investigates gender relations and social status of upper-class women in public life under the Roman Empire by focusing on civic patronesses. In the Republican period, the Romans built patronal relationship with other areas in the process of expansion and powerful Roman aristocrats acted as civic patrons. During the imperial period, upper-class women were also appointed to be civic patrons, which could be viewed as the recognition of their status. Nevertheless, the investigation on civic patronesses and their families demonstrates that the high position of these women was supported by the power of their male family members. In the upper-class, women’s dependence on men was concealed underneath the ostensibly high social status of the upper-class women.

Roman Empire; civic patronesses; gender relations; women’s status

Tian Shuai, Associate Research Fellow, National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006, China.

Yi-hou-ze Gui; Yi sacrifice; Ze; Wu; Yu; Yi

Zou Yuanzhi, Associate Professor, Hunan International Economics University, Changsha, Hunan, 410205,China.

The household law of Wei discovered in the bamboo slips unearthed in the Qin tomb of Shui-hudi(睡虎地), is important for the study of the law, military affairs, and politics of the late Warring States period. Researchers have provided different interpretations of the wording and meaning of the text. Through a complete re-examination of the text, this study concludes that the related legal sanction is particularly applicable to men who had left their original clans to live in other women’s house as son-in-laws. This law reflected the destruction of the patriarchal system and clan organization and the intention of the rulers to maintain the said systems during the Warring States period.

Warring States period; The household law of Wei; son-in-laws; patriarch system

Yu Hongtao, Assistant Professor, College of Literature, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China.

In the traditional written materials,(縣令) and(縣長) are both classified as titles of the Qin to call the county-level head officials. According to the official files on the wooden slips unearthed from Liye(里耶), however, the chief administrator of a county is called(令) in the Qin Dynasty. The so called(縣嗇夫) in the wooden slips from Liye is more likely a general term,rather than a formal officer title.(遷陵公), that also appeares on the said wooden slips is likely the old title of the county magistrate of the Qianling County of state Chu dated to the Warring-States period or the transitional period previous to the Qin unification. A county magistrate is responsible for the administrative, judicial and economic affairs in a county. The authority of a county magistrate, on the other hand, did not change significantly from the Warring States to the Qin and Han dynasties.

Liye; wooden slips; county magistrate; Xiansefu;

Dong Gang, Postdoctoral Fellow, School of History, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.

During the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yin Rong(殷融) mentioned the term(中興四佐), meaning four key assistants to the Emperor responsible for the resurgence.This paper identifies that four people as Liu Wei(劉隗), Diao Xie(刁協), Zhou Yi(周顗) and Dai Yuan(戴淵). Former researchers have been emphasizing the importance of Liu Wei and Diao Xie, while Zhou Yi and Dai Yuan have received little attention. As a matter of fact, Zhou and Dai were active in the political arena. Zhou Yi was very close to the influential Wang family and other people close to the Royal family. Dai Yuan, on the other hand, held important military general position for many times. The disappearance of the notion ofin the post Jin records and the full meaning of this term is also discussed.

Eastern Jin Dynasty;; Zhou Yi; Dai Yuan; Rebellion of Wang Dun

Ma Zimu, Ph.D. Candidate, School of Chinese Classics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872,China.

The structure of the Six Ministries experienced changes during the Early Qing period. Before 1644,the Qing appointed ministry officials based upon their status in the banners. After the replacement of the Ming government in Beijing, the old practice was mixed and coexisted with the Ming style official appointment, while the Manchu officials enjoyed superiority over the Han officials. In the early Kangxi period, the Manchu tradition recovered as the main practice. After Emperor Kangxi took actual power,the banner-based appointment was reduced and the merit-based appointment became the main practice.These developments could hardly be seen in the official historical books because of later revisions, but the archives in both Manchu and Han languages provide the necessary information to restore them.

Six Ministries;; Institution; Inheritance of the Ming tradition

Song Xingjia, Ph.D. Candidate, School of History and Culture, Northeast Normal University, Jilin,Changchun,130024, China.

The Qing dynasty adopted virginity as a criterion in judging the crimes against women. The crime to sexually assault, snatch, or abduct and traffic a woman who has lost her virginity is considered less severe than the same action against a woman maintaining her virginity. The idea of such a practice might be traced back to the late Ming thinker Wang Kentang(王肯堂). There is evidence that shows that this differentiation had been indicated in the Shunzhi version of the law. During the Qianlong period, it was commonly applied in trial judgments. By Jiaqing period, after being confirmed by the emperor, it was written into the inquisition and punishment regulations followed by a series of detailed entries in later years.

Qing Dynasty; woman; virginity; criterion of penalty; differentiation of women in terms of virginity

Gao Shouxian, Senior Research Fellow, Beijing Administration Institute, Beijing, 100044, China.

In 1700, Kong Shangren(孔尚任) was dismissed from his Yuanwailang(員外郎) position in the Ministry of Revenue, to which he was appointed less than twenty days ago. The reason for that became a mystery immediately and many tentative explanations have been proposed in later scholarly studies. In the poems and essays of Kong Shangren and his friends, there were two possible accusations against Kong Shangren, namely, indulging in poetry and alcohol and possible graft. Another popularly suspected reason is that Kong Shangren’s well-known work ""(桃花扇) caused the displeasure of the emperor, but it is obviously groundless. More likely, Shangren's ""(通天榜傳奇)displeased the emperor and caused his dismissal.

Kong Shangren; the doubtful case of Dismissal;;

Gao Jingcong, Associate Professor, School of History and Culture, Northeast Normal University,Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.

The scholars in the Qing Dynasty paid much attention to ancient history, law, and regulations. Such an intention can be seen particularly in their study of the clan system of the Zhou Dynasty. Related studies cover many aspects of the clan system, including origin, function, impact, nature, relationship between clan and monarch, books dealing with rites, clan alliance, and feudalism, etc. The achievement of the Qing scholars is important for contemporary scholars to understand the academic history from the Qing to present, as well as the clan system of the Zhou Dynasty.

The Qing Dynasty; study of Confucian classics; historiography; academic history; clan system

Zhao Yifeng, Professor, School of History, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048; Faculty for the Study of Asian Civilizations, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.

The term “Eastern Asia” has been a popularly used term in the discussion of pre-modern history especially in dealing with China, Korea, and Japanese relationships. Tributary system, accordingly, is commonly used to explain Asian international order in that times. This paper, first of all, examines the characteristics of the China-Korea relationship during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries. Further, it argues that the relationship of Qing China with then Korea was profoundly different from that with Japan.Therefore, the relatively peaceful order in “Eastern Asia” during that era cannot be fully interpreted through the popular so-called tributary system perspective. Related conceptual and methodological issues are also discussed.

Qing Dynasty; China-Korea; China Japan; Tributary system; Eastern Asia