The samba—symbol of Brazilian Carnival

浙江寧波鄞州高級中學 程海波

桑巴是源于巴西巴伊亞的一種舞蹈和音樂類型。它最早源于非洲土著居民帶有宗教儀式性的舞蹈，通過被販賣到巴西的黑人奴隸帶到巴西，再與流傳至當?shù)氐钠渌幕旌希瑵u漸演變成今日的桑巴。桑巴現(xiàn)已被公認為巴西和巴西狂歡節(jié)的象征，是最大眾化的巴西文化表達形式之一。

Originated in Bahia，but developed in Rio de Janeiro between the end of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th century，the samba is still one of the most popular styles of Brazil.From intimate （私密的） samba songs sung in bars toexplosivedrum parades performed during carnival，samba always evokes a warm and excited mood （心情）.In the 1930s， a group of musicians led by Ismael Silva founded the first samba school.They changed the musical genre（流派）to make it fit better the carnival parade.In this decade，the radio spread the genre'spopularityall around the country， making samba become Brazil's “official music.”

In the following years， samba has developed in severaldirections， from the gentle sambacanεo to the drum orchestras which make the soundtrack of carnival parade.One of these new styles was bossa nova（波薩諾瓦舞），a musical movement first spearheaded by young musicians and college students from Rio de Janeiro.It gotincreasinglypopular over time，with the works of Joo Gilberto and Antonio Carlos Jobim.In the sixties， Brazil was politically divided， and the leftist musicians of bossa nova started to draw attention to the music made in the favelas （貧民窟）.Many popular artists were discovered at this time.

In the beginning of the eighties，after being sent to the underground due to styles like disco and Brazilian rock，samba reappeared in the media with a musical movement created in thesuburbs（郊區(qū)）of Rio de Janeiro.Therefore， various samba schools have been founded throughout Brazil.A samba schoolcombinesthe dancing and party fun of a night club with the gathering place of a social club and the community feeling of a volunteer group.During the spectacular Rio Carnival famous samba schools parade in the Sambódromo.

Reading Check

1.What does the underlined word “evoke” most probably mean?

A.Attract. B.Cause.

C.Lack. D.Decrease.

2.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A.The development of samba over time.

B.The reason of samba's popularity.

C.The first samba school in Brazil.

D.The music made in the favelas.

Language Study

Vocabulary

1.explosive adj.爆炸的；火爆的

2.popularity n.流行

3.direction n.方向

4.increasingly adv.逐漸地

5.underground n.地下

6.combine vt.結合

Difficult sentence

In the beginning of the eighties，after______（send） to the underground due to styles like disco and Brazilian rock，samba reappeared in the media with a musical movement_____（create）in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro.

20世紀80年代初，由于迪斯科和巴西搖滾等風格的原因，桑巴被壓倒，但是里約熱內盧郊區(qū)發(fā)起的一場音樂運動使桑巴再次出現(xiàn)在媒體上。

【點石成金】此處的after是介詞，后接動詞時要用-ing形式。需要注意的是，所填的詞和句子的主語samba有邏輯上的動賓關系。第二個空所填的詞是非謂語動詞形式，在此處作定語修飾movement，注意它們之間的邏輯關系。