摘 要:技術(shù)路線圖(Technology Roadmap)是技術(shù)評價與預(yù)測領(lǐng)域的核心工具之一。本文將文獻計量學中有關(guān)專利的分析方法應(yīng)用到技術(shù)路線圖中,制定了技術(shù)路線圖的設(shè)計步驟,并以室內(nèi)空氣凈化領(lǐng)域為研究案例,進行了室內(nèi)空氣凈化技術(shù)的預(yù)測和分析。研究結(jié)果顯示,通過專利大數(shù)據(jù)分析可顯著減少技術(shù)路線圖對專家經(jīng)驗的依賴,提高技術(shù)評價與預(yù)測的客觀性。
關(guān)鍵詞:技術(shù)路線圖;文獻計量學;室內(nèi)空氣凈化器;技術(shù)預(yù)測;大數(shù)據(jù)分析
中圖分類號:TN-9 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:2096-4706(2018)12-0009-04
Design and Analysis of Technical Roadmap in the Field of Indoor Air Purification
LIU Yong1,GUO Ting2,ZHANG Ning2,XUAN Xiaodong3
(1.Academy of Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China;
2.College of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China;
3.Zhejiang Intellectual Property Research and Service Center,Hangzhou 310012,China)
Abstract:The Technology Roadmap is one of the core tools in the field of technical evaluation and prediction. In this paper,the analysis methods for patents in bibliometrics were introduced into the construction process of the technical roadmap and the new design steps for the technology roadmap were developed. According to the new technology roadmap design steps,indoor air purification technology were predicted and analyzed as a research case. The research results showed that the big data analysis on patents could significantly reduce the dependence of the technology roadmap on expert experience,thereby improve the objectivity of technical evaluation and prediction.
Keywords:technology roadmap;bibliometrics;indoor air purifier;technical forecasting;big data analysis
0 引 言
隨著科學技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,技術(shù)路線圖(Technology Roadmap)方法已經(jīng)成為技術(shù)評價與預(yù)測領(lǐng)域的核心工具之一[1-4]。該方法最早由摩托羅拉公司開發(fā)并被用于其產(chǎn)品技術(shù)規(guī)劃。Galvin等[5]認為,技術(shù)路線圖是對某一特定領(lǐng)域的未來發(fā)展的看法,該看法集中了該領(lǐng)域集體的智慧和最優(yōu)秀的技術(shù)駕馭者的想象,一般是采用繪圖的形式表達出來,可成為這一領(lǐng)域未來發(fā)展方向的指南。孟海華[6]認為技術(shù)路線圖是對未來技術(shù)發(fā)展進行規(guī)劃的技術(shù)藍圖,通過一張以時間為基礎(chǔ)的多層結(jié)構(gòu)圖表現(xiàn)出來,協(xié)調(diào)技術(shù)開發(fā)中不同利益主體的合作方向問題和技術(shù)經(jīng)濟信息的傳導機制及其通暢問題,通過一定周期的持續(xù)更新,實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)學研究中持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的合作關(guān)系的延續(xù),促進企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新。
目前,技術(shù)路線圖作為技術(shù)預(yù)見中應(yīng)用廣泛、效果顯著的科學管理工具,被廣泛地運用在國家、行業(yè)和企業(yè)的技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃之中,以減少創(chuàng)新和規(guī)劃過程中的不確定性。……