舒玉蘭
[摘要]目的 分析不同清洗與消毒滅菌方法用于內鏡器械處理的效果。方法 選擇2016年1~12月需清洗消毒的胃鏡作為研究對象,按照內鏡器械清洗消毒方式分為手工組和清洗工作站組,分別通過手工清洗和一體化清洗工作站清洗。清洗結束后,從手工組和清洗工作站組分別隨機抽取80條內鏡,比較兩組內鏡細菌培養結果合格率以及洗消規范性,同時統計兩組的人工耗時、總耗時和消毒時間,比較組間差異。結果 ①清洗工作站組79條合格,1條不合格,合格率為98.8%;手工清洗組58條合格,22條不合格,合格率為72.5%。清洗工作站組的合格率高于手工清洗組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。比較洗消規范性,清洗工作站組75條規范,5條不規范,規范率為93.8%;手工組70條規范,10條不規范,規范率為87.5%,清洗工作站組規范率高于手工組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。②清洗工作站組內鏡平均手工耗時為(3.9±0.5)h,顯著短于手工組的(6.8±0.6)h,消毒時間為(24.5±2.5)min,明顯短于手工組的(30.2±2.3)min,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05);總耗時分別為(12.7±1.1)h和(12.4±1.4)h,差異無統計學意義P>0.05)。結論 一體化清洗工作站可顯著提高胃鏡的清洗效果和效率,值得臨床推廣應用。
[關鍵詞]消毒;清洗效果;清洗效率
[中圖分類號] R472 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2018)9(c)-0183-03
Comparison of different cleaning and disinfection methods applied to endoscopic instruments
SHU Yu-lan
Gastroscope Room, People′s Hospital of Wan′an County, Jiangxi Province, Wan′an 343800, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the effect of different cleaning and disinfection methods applied to endoscopic instruments. Methods The gastric endoscopy which should be cleaned and sanitizing from January to December 2016, was selected as the research object. According to the cleaning and disinfection methods of endoscopic instruments, the endoscopy was divided into two groups, which were cleaned by manual cleaning and integrated cleaning workstation respectively. The former was used as a manual group, and the latter was used as a cleaning workstation group. After the cleaning, 80 endoscopes were randomly selected from the manual group and cleaning workstations group. The results were compared between the two groups of endoscopy bacteria culture results and the normalization, and the manual cleaning group and the cleaning workstation group were compared with the manual time, the total time and the time of disinfection. Results ①The workstation group, 79 were qualified, 1 were unqualified and the qualified rate was 98.8%; the manual cleaning group, 58 were qualified, 22 unqualified, and the qualified rate was 72.5%. The qualified rate of cleaning workstation group was higher than that of manual cleaning group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results showed that the cleaning workstation group was standardized, the results showed that the cleaning workstation group was 75 were standard, 5 were non standard, and the standard rate was 93.8%; the manual group, 70 were standard, 10 were non standard, and the standard rate was 87.5%. The standard rate of the cleaning workstation group was significantly higher than that of the manual group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). ②the average time of endoscopy in the cleaning workstation group of (3.9±0.5) h was shorter than that of the manual group (6.8±0.6) h, and the disinfection time of (24.5±2.5) min in the cleaning workstation group was significantly shorter than that of the manual group (30.2±2.3) min, and there were significant difference in groups (P<0.05), and the difference between the two groups of total time consuming was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The integrated cleaning workstation can significantly improve the cleaning effect and efficiency of gastric endoscopy, and is worthy of clinical application.
[Key words] Disinfection; Cleaning effect; Cleaning efficiency
胃鏡是廣泛用于胃部檢查或手術的消化內鏡,在臨床診療中扮演著重要角色。胃鏡在使用中可能受到多種微生物感染,徹底、有效的清洗消毒是保障其安全性的關鍵[1-2]。清洗是消毒和滅菌中的一個重要環節,通過清洗能去除器械90%以上的病原體。一體化清洗工作站是醫院引入的用于提高清洗效果和效率的清洗系統,本研究比較了手工清洗和一體化清洗工作站用于胃鏡清洗消毒的效果,現報道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取我院2016年1~12月需清洗消毒的胃鏡作為研究對象,按照胃鏡器械清洗消毒方式分為手工組和一體化清洗工作站組,分別通過手工清洗和一體化清洗工作站清洗。采用兩種方式清洗后,各隨機選取80條內鏡,手工組中有胃鏡45條,腸鏡35條,清洗工作站組中胃鏡43條,腸鏡37條,,胃鏡數量和腸鏡比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究經醫院醫學倫理委員會審核批準。
1.2方法
手工組內鏡由專員按照操作要求清洗、消毒[3-4]。清洗工作站組采用一體化內鏡清洗工作站按照自動化、規范化流程進行消毒[5-8]。清洗結束后,從兩組分別隨機抽取80條內鏡,進行清洗效果比較,采用細菌培養法對內鏡活檢孔樣本進行菌落培養48 h,細菌菌落數≤20 cfu/件,表明監測結果為陰性,未檢出致病菌,結果合格。
1.3觀察指標
比較兩組的細菌培養結果合格率以及洗消規范性,同時統計兩組清洗內鏡的人工耗時、總耗時和消毒時間,比較組間差異。
1.4統計學方法
采用SPSS 19.0統計軟件進行統計學分析,技術資料用百分率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2結果
2.1兩組合格率和洗消規范性的比較
一體化清洗工作站組79條合格,1條不合格,合格率為98.8%,手工組58條合格,22條不合格,合格率為72.5%,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。洗消規范性的比較,清洗工作站組75條規范,5條不規范,規范率為93.8%,手工組70條規范,10條不規范,規范率為87.5%,差異有統計學意義(表1)。
2.2兩組清洗消毒時間的比較
清洗工作站組內鏡平均手工耗時顯著短于手工組,消毒時間明顯短于手工組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05);兩組的總耗時比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)(表2)。
3討論
胃鏡在使用過程可與患者胃液、組織內壁等部分直接接觸,其清洗消毒工作也越來越得到重視[9-12]。清洗工作是內鏡消毒的第一步,也是最重要的部分,清洗效果不佳可導致內鏡表面或管腔內開始滋生細菌,因此要想高效完成內鏡清洗消毒工作,需高度重視清洗工作。隨著內鏡的使用量與日俱增,加之醫院內部高負荷的工作,使內鏡清洗消毒時間相對不足;且胃鏡結構精細,若完全手工清洗并滿足臨床使用標準,則需耗費較多的時間[13-14]。一體化內鏡清洗消毒工作站采用全自動電腦控制,清洗和消毒過程均為儀器自動進行,無需人工介入,因此手工耗時大大減少;且清洗過程采用儀器自動凈化的純化水,過濾掉部分微粒和細菌,減少了污染物殘留[15],較手工清洗消毒效果更佳,另外也避免了手工清洗過程中因員工業務技術不佳或責任心不強引起的清洗消毒效果不合格現象的發生。
一體化清洗工作站的優勢在于電腦自動化運行,減少了人力消耗,縮減了操作流程,降低了成本。本研究結果顯示,采用一體化的清洗工作站進行清洗消毒,合格率為98.8%,明顯高于手工組(P<0.05)。比較洗消規范性,清洗工作站組規范率為93.8%,高于手工組的87.5%,差異有統計學意義。提示一體化清洗工作站清洗消毒效果更好,操作更規范,手工組合格率低可能是因為員工責任心不足,且清洗工作量大引起清洗效果的降低。另外清洗工作站組內鏡平均手工耗時(3.9±0.5)h,顯著短于手工組(6.8±0.6)h,差異有統計學意義;但兩組總耗時分別為(12.7±1.1)h和(12.4±1.4)h,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),提示兩種清洗方法手工耗時相近,但清洗工作站清洗內鏡的總耗時明顯更短,大大提高了清洗效率,減少內鏡資源浪費。張艷等[16]研究了一體化內鏡清洗中心與全自動洗消機對內鏡清洗消毒效果的影響,結果顯示一體化內鏡清洗中心組在內鏡周轉、干燥合格、洗消規范性及消毒監測等方面,明顯優于全自動洗消機組,一體化內鏡清洗中心消毒時間短于全自動洗消機,內鏡周轉率(96.15%)和干燥合格率(100.0%)顯著高于全自動洗消機組的41.67%和91.03%,這與本研究結果一致。采用一體化清洗工作站,簡化了操作,優化了流程,解放了勞動力,提高了清洗質量,值得推廣和借鑒。
綜上所述,一體化清洗工作站用于醫院胃鏡清洗消毒較傳統的手工清洗法可顯著提高胃鏡的清洗效果和效率,值得臨床推廣應用。
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(收稿日期:2018-04-28 本文編輯:崔建中)