主謂一致的用法及專項練習題

◎供稿：高 潔

一、主謂一致三原則

主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

1.語法一致原則：指主語是單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式，主語是復數形式，謂語也用復數形式。例如：

Tom is a good student.

湯姆是個好學生。

They often play football on the playground.

他們經常在操場上踢足球。

2.意義一致：指主語形式上為單數，但意義為復數，因此謂語動詞用復數形式；或主語形式上為復數,但表示單數意義，謂語動詞用單數形式。例如：My family are having lunch now.我們一家人現在正吃午飯。

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.

這本書20美元太貴了。

3.就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數形式還是用復數形式，取決于最靠近它的主語。例如：

Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.

不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。

There is a pen and some books on the desk.

課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。

二、主謂一致常考題型

語法一致原則

1.單數名詞(代詞)，不可數名詞作主語時，謂語用單數形式，復數名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復數形式。

The desk is Tom’s.

這張桌子是湯姆的。

Some water is in the bottle.

一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground.

這些學生正在操場上踢足球。

2.不定代詞somebody，someone，something，anybody，anything， everybody，everyone，everything，nobody，no one，nothing作主語的，謂語動詞用單數。

Is everyone here today.

今天大家到齊了嗎？

Something is wrong with him.

他有毛病。

Nobody was in.

沒有人在家。

3.當主語部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞一般應與第一個名詞一致。

Mike with his father has been to England.

邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。

Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football

邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。

The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.

學生和老師出席了會議。

Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.

格林先生和他的妻子還有兩個女兒要來北京。

4.each，either，neither，another，the other作主語，謂語動詞用單數。

Each of them has an English dictionary.

他們每人都有一本英語詞典。

Neither answer is correct.

兩個答案都不正確。

Neither of the books is very interesting.

沒有一本書有趣。

5.主語是each/every+單數名詞+and(each/every)+單數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數。

Each boy and each girl has got a seat.

每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。

Every man and every woman is at work.

每個男人和女人都在工作。

6.如果主語是由“a series of，a kind of，a portion of+等+名詞”構成時，動詞一般用單數形式。

A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.

一系列已錄好的磁帶已經準備用于語言實驗使用。

但a variety of，a number of +名詞復數，謂語動詞要用復數形式；而the number of +復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。

On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.

在展覽中有大量品種豐富的產品。

The number of the students is over eight hundred.

學生的數量超過八百人。

7.動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。

To see is to believe

眼見為實。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.

做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。

意義一致

1.many a+單數名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數形式。

Many a student has been to Shanghai.

許多學生到過上海。

2.more than one+單數名詞作主語，謂語用單數。

More than one student has ever been to Beijing.

不止一個學生曾經去過北京。

3.表示時間、價格、重量、數目、長度、數學運算等詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數形式。算式中表示加法和乘法時，謂語動詞可用單數形式，也可用復數形式，但表示減法和除法必須用單數形式。例如：

Two months is a long holiday.

兩個月是一個長假。

Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy.

20英鎊并不太重。

Ten miles isn’t a long distance.

10英里并不是一段很長的距離。

Five minus four is one.

5減4等于1。

What is/are three times three?

3乘以3是多少？

4.people，police，cattle等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式，family，group，team，class，government，company等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數形式，若指一個個具體成員時，謂語動詞復數形式。

People here are very friendly.

這兒的人很友好。

His family isn’t large.

他家不大。

His family is going to move.

他家要搬走了。

My family like watching TV.

我們一家人都喜歡看電視。

5.the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數形式。

The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.

窮人非常快樂，但富人卻很難過。

The beautiful lives forever.

美是永存的。

6.one and a half+復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式。One+單數名詞+and +a half作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。

One and a half hours are enough. =One hour and a half is enough.

一個半小時足夠了。

7.a/an+單數名詞+or two作主語，謂語動詞用單數。

A student or two has failed the exam.

一兩個學生考試不及格。

8.以—s結尾的名詞本身不表示復數意義，謂語通常用單數形式，如news，maths，physics等。

No news is good news.

沒有消息就是好消息。

Maths is very popular in our class

在我們班數學很受歡迎。

就近一致原則

1.由and連接的兩個單數名詞作主語時，一般用復數形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人、事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數。這兩種情況區分如下：a/the+單數名詞+and+單數名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數名詞+and+a/the+單數名詞，指兩個人或物。

The writer and teacher is coming.

那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人)

The writer and the teacher are coming.

作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)

2.由both…and…連接兩個單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式；由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，not…but… 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。

Either my wife or I am going.

我的妻子或是我會去。

Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.

你，我或是任何一個人都不知道答案。

Not only you but also he is ready to leave.

不僅是你還有他準備離開。

3．以here，there開關的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致

There is a book and three pens on the desk.

一本書和三支鉛筆在書桌上。

Here are some books and paper for you.

有些書和紙給你。

三、肯定與否定一致

下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時須作相應的變化。

We’ve had some(money).→ We haven’t had any(money).

I was talking to someone.→ I wasn’t talking to anyone.

They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.

He has arrived already. → He hasn’t arrived yet.

Li is coming too.→ Li isn’t coming either.

Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.

He likes both of them.→ He doesn’t like either of them.

注意：so/neither+助動詞+名詞/代詞結構中須用倒裝語序。

My wife like classic music very much and so do I.

She doesn’t like jazz and neither do I.

主謂一致（實戰演練）

( ) 1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.

A. were B. is C. was D. are

( ) 2. Two days _______ enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.

A. isn’t B. is C. are’t D. are

( ) 3. The number of the students in our school ____ 1200.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

( ) 4. Maths _______ my favorite subject.

A. be B. is C. am D. are

( ) 5. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.

A. were sleeping B. is sleeping

C. was sleeping D. are sleeping

( ) 6. Every one except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began.

A. are B. is C. were D. was

( ) 7. That place is not interesting at all, so____ of us wants to go there.

A. neither B. both C .all D. some

( ) 8. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.

A. know B. knows C. have know D. is

( ) 9. The children in this class each _____ new school bag.

A. have B. has C. has got D. are having

( ) 10. All but one _____ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were

( ) 11. If Bob’s wife won’t agree to go on holiday in winter, _____ .

A. neither he will B. neither won’t he

C. neither will he D. he won’t neither

( ) 12. “I’m going to visit the Lugou Bridge tomorrow.” “ _____ .”

A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go