江蘇徐州七中 彭向梅
2018年3月,在亞利桑那州坦佩,一名女子在高速公路上通過兩條車道時(shí),被優(yōu)步的一輛無人駕駛汽車撞倒。她的死亡,激起了社會(huì)對(duì)無人駕駛汽車安全性及相關(guān)交通事故責(zé)任的思考。欲知詳情,請(qǐng)讀下文報(bào)道。
全文381詞,難度中等,建議用時(shí)為7分鐘。
1.通過快速閱讀,把握新聞報(bào)道的倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu),并獲取事件主干和理清文本結(jié)構(gòu);
2.通過細(xì)節(jié)閱讀,提取正反方觀點(diǎn),讀寫整合,得出綜合性判斷;
3.通過鏈接新聞,深度讀寫,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決生活中真實(shí)情境的能力;
4.通過拓展背景,提升學(xué)習(xí)能力并完成素養(yǎng)建構(gòu)。
In March,a woman was hit by one of Uber’s driverless cars while walking across two lanes(車道)of traffic on a highway illegally in Tempe,Arizona.Her death,the first case of a fatalpedestrianaccident caused by a self-driving car,has raised the debates over who is responsible,as well as whether the testing of driverless technology should be suspended(暫停)just as the number of autonomous cars being tested on the roads of cities around the globe takes off.
The accident in Tempe hassparked a heated debateamong the public.Opponentsof driverless cars havetaken this opportunity topush the government tolimit the development of this new technology.Undoubtedly,this is a heavyblowto the driverless car industry.
Since they first appeared,opponents have never stopped doubting the safety of driverless cars.They argue that it is unwise to put our life in the hands of machines,and that traffic accidents are certain to follow.
If we compare the figures,we will find that human-driven cars are moreunreliablethan driverless cars,and if autonomous vehicles were to completelyreplacehuman drivers,the rate of accidents would drop sharply because humans cannot compete with the processing power of computers.
As for the accident in Tempe,the point now is officially pointing outthe technical faultsthat led to the deadlycrashandworking outhow to improve thecurrentsystem instead of focusing on ethics(倫理學(xué))or preventing the development of driverless cars.
New technology will always faceobstaclesin the early stages of its development.When automobiles and planes were first invented,aristocrats(貴族)fond ofcarriages began to laugh at them and doubt their safety.People should respect technology andapproachthese issues with a moretolerantattitude rather than irritation.The government also needs to work out a legaldefinitionfor responsibility in traffic accidentsinvolvingdriverless cars.
Undeniably,self-driving technology stillfaces many challenges,such as who should be responsible for accidents and whether this ethical dilemma can ever be fully resolved.The government is expected to impose stricter supervision(加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督)whileadopting a more tolerant and innovative attitudetoward this new technology.Companies shouldmake safety their first priorityand further promote the development of technologyfor the benefit of all citizens.
Ⅰ.熟詞生義

文中詞條 基本含義 引申含義 生義例句b l o w(P a r a.2) 爆炸;被炸毀 打擊;挫折 L o s i n g h i s j o b c a m e a s a t e r r i b l e b l o w t o h i m.失業(yè)給他造成了沉重的打擊。c u r r e n t(P a r a.5) 水流;潮流;氣流 現(xiàn)時(shí)的;當(dāng)前的a p p r o a c h(P a r a.6) 靠近;接近 著手處理;對(duì)付I n i t s c u r r e n t s t a t e,t h e c a r i s w o r t h £1,0 0 0.這輛車照現(xiàn)在的車況來看值1 0 0 0英鎊。W h a t's t h e b e s t w a y o f a p p r o a c h i n g t h i s p r o b l e m?什么是處理這個(gè)問題的最佳方式?
Ⅱ.熱詞積累
Vocabulary
1.pedestrian n.行人;步行者
2.opponentn.反對(duì)者;阻止者
3.unreliable adj.不可靠的;不能信賴的
4.replace v.代替;取代
5.crash n.撞車;碰撞;相撞
6.obstacle n.障礙;阻礙;絆腳石
7.tolerant adj.忍受的;容忍的;寬容的
8.definition n.釋義;解釋
9.involve v.包含;需要;使成為必然部分(或結(jié)果)
10.undeniably adv.不可否認(rèn)地;千真萬確地
Phrases
1.spark a heated debate引發(fā)熱議
2.take this opportunity to借此機(jī)會(huì)……
3.limit the development of this new technology限制這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的發(fā)展
4.the technical faults技術(shù)故障
5.work out想出;得到(解決方法)
6.be fond of喜愛;愛好
7.face many challenges面對(duì)許多挑戰(zhàn)
8.adopt a more tolerant and innovative attitude采取更寬容和創(chuàng)新的態(tài)度
9.make safety the first priority把安全放在第一位
10.for the benefit of sb/for sb’s benefit為幫助某人/為某人的利益
Ⅰ.文本特點(diǎn)分析
新聞報(bào)道通常采用倒金字塔的結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段的導(dǎo)語部分要呈現(xiàn)出關(guān)鍵信息,后文部分再對(duì)新聞事件進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充詳述。本文開門見山,引出了無人駕駛致行人死亡這一事件。快讀第一段,獲取事件主干。

T i m e I n 1.2.A w o m a n P l a c e O n a 3. i n T e m p e,A r i z o n a E v e n t S h e 4. t h e t r a f f i c a n d l o s t h e r l i f e i n a n a c c i d e n t c a u s e d b y a 5. c a r.I n f l u e n c e T h i s c a s e h a s r a i s e d t h e 6. .
Ⅱ.文本結(jié)構(gòu)分析

【點(diǎn)石成金】本文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)為問題—解決模式的,開篇部分為話題導(dǎo)入。抓每段開頭主題句和每段關(guān)鍵詞,都是快速抓住文本結(jié)構(gòu)的方法。此文章語篇模式和2018年英語高考全國(guó)甲卷的閱讀理解C篇語篇模式一致。
Ⅰ.文本讀寫分析
通常,新聞報(bào)道采用的是倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)。閱讀時(shí),我們可以快抓首段關(guān)鍵詞,連詞成句,使用并列句或主從復(fù)合句使表達(dá)更緊湊,完成短文概括;我們可以從主體部分的分析中提取正反觀點(diǎn),從結(jié)尾部分總結(jié)解決方法的思維角度和語言表達(dá),應(yīng)用于生活真實(shí)情境,并形成解決實(shí)際問題的能力。
Ⅱ.文本讀寫過程
正反方觀點(diǎn)主題句和支撐句的提取
1.These sentences selected from the text are out of order.Please put them into the proper group based on paragraph 2~4.

A.The government should limit the development of this new technology.
B.Opponents have never stopped doubting the safety of driverless cars.
C.The accident in Tempe has sparked a heated debate among the public.
D.It is unwise to put our life in the hands of machines as traffic accidents are certain to follow.
E.Human-driven cars are more unreliable than driverless cars according to the comparison of the figures.
F.The rate of accidents would drop sharply because humans cannot compete with the processing power of computers.
2.The topic sentence presenting the positive side is missing here.Please think of and write down a proper one.
【點(diǎn)石成金】主題句要有概括性。表明觀點(diǎn)的句子要立場(chǎng)鮮明,表述清晰。在行文時(shí),觀點(diǎn)之后一般會(huì)緊跟事實(shí),作為對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的佐證。觀點(diǎn)通常是作者對(duì)某一事件或現(xiàn)象的主觀評(píng)價(jià)與看法,具有主觀性;而事實(shí)通常基于數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)象,是對(duì)某一事件或現(xiàn)象的客觀呈現(xiàn)與描述,具有客觀性。
解決措施的信息提取
(1)What can government do to solve the safety problem from paragraph 5~7?
(2)What can companies do to solve the safety problem from paragraph 5~7?
情境創(chuàng)設(shè)——信息整合應(yīng)用
李華國(guó)慶長(zhǎng)假去英國(guó)旅游,看到了谷歌推出的無人駕駛汽車,目的是幫助不會(huì)開車或者身體缺陷不適宜開車群體。班會(huì)課上,大家就李華提出的無人駕駛汽車這一話題展開了激烈的討論。有的同學(xué)通過數(shù)據(jù)例證支持無人駕駛技術(shù),有的同學(xué)以無人駕駛車禍致人死亡事件為例,反對(duì)把生命置于機(jī)器之手。最后,同學(xué)們從政府、公司、消費(fèi)者層面對(duì)此進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)。
請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上提示,寫一篇字?jǐn)?shù)150左右的作文。
全文重構(gòu)——寫作綜合實(shí)踐
Para.1——總結(jié)概括
Para.2——正反方觀點(diǎn)
Para.3——解決方案

【點(diǎn)石成金】
1.前面的信息提取部分已經(jīng)為寫作輸出打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。同學(xué)們可以自由選用,靈活整合成文。
2.陳述觀點(diǎn)時(shí)常用的銜接詞
表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:besides,in addition,moreover,what’s more,what’s worse...
表轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比:but,however,yet,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,nevertheless...
表結(jié)果的過渡詞:so,thus,therefore,as a result,so that...
表換一種方式表達(dá):in other words,that is to say,to put it another way...
表達(dá)普遍規(guī)律:generally speaking,in general...
表總結(jié)的過渡詞:in a word,in short,to sum up,in conclusion,in summary...
表特定的順序關(guān)系的過渡詞:first,firstly,first and foremost,second,secondly,third,thirdly,above all,first of all,next,last but not least,finally,eventually...
【規(guī)范寫作】

Ⅲ.讀寫歸納
本篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、語言豐富,非常適合進(jìn)行讀寫整合。希望同學(xué)們可以在持續(xù)的讀寫整合的學(xué)習(xí)過程中提高閱讀寫作能力,并在閱讀寫作中,提升自己的知識(shí)建構(gòu)能力。
Can driverless cars be safe?與2018全國(guó)甲卷閱讀理解C篇的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比與提升
【真題概要】
周一發(fā)布的一份媒體報(bào)告表明,青少年和年幼的孩子們?yōu)闃啡ざ喿x的次數(shù)減少。但報(bào)告中的一些數(shù)據(jù)顯示,閱讀仍然是許多孩子生活中的一個(gè)重要部分,同時(shí)也表明了父母如何幫助孩子繼續(xù)閱讀。文本結(jié)構(gòu)為提出問題、分析問題和解決問題。
【結(jié)構(gòu)與命題點(diǎn)分析】

文章對(duì)比分析2 0 1 8全國(guó)甲卷閱讀理解C篇C a n d r i v e r l e s s c a r s b e s a f e?語篇模式以及段落結(jié)構(gòu)提出問題分析問題解決問題P a r a.1 P a r a.2~4 P a r a.5~7 P a r a.1 P a r a.2~6 P a r a.7提出問題引入報(bào)道——青少年閱讀習(xí)慣的改變,開啟全篇分析問題說明手法引入新聞案例——無人駕駛汽車導(dǎo)致車禍,激發(fā)討論正反方觀點(diǎn)列舉;給出o p i n i o n后,列舉f a c t s進(jìn)行例證從閱讀習(xí)慣、閱讀工具、父母作用的不同角度分析報(bào)道數(shù)據(jù)解決問題水到渠成,得出解決問題的方法,父母應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)分層討論,從技術(shù)缺陷、民眾態(tài)度、政府出臺(tái)法律界定和公司研發(fā)層面,列舉切實(shí)可行的解決措施四環(huán)閱讀,讀寫整合;根據(jù)文本特點(diǎn),提取正反不同觀點(diǎn)和不同層面的解決方法。在新情境下,完成信息整合重構(gòu),用所學(xué)知識(shí)解決新問題。文本命題分析閱讀理解,題目設(shè)置全部基于語篇特點(diǎn),落在信息主干點(diǎn)上。首段為篇章意圖,對(duì)應(yīng)設(shè)題點(diǎn)2 8題;2~6段:每段首句都有關(guān)鍵信息定位點(diǎn)r e p o r t,有助于考生快速定位提取答案;最后一段,對(duì)應(yīng)第3 1題,以s o l u t i o n回應(yīng)h o w的提問。
【歸納總結(jié)】
兩篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)相同,皆是提出問題、分析問題和解決問題。Can driverless cars be safe?分析問題是以呈現(xiàn)不同觀點(diǎn)為中心,辯證客觀地說明無人駕駛技術(shù)的安全性。2018年全國(guó)甲卷閱讀理解C篇分析問題是以數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道例證展開的。高考閱讀的設(shè)題點(diǎn),都在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)分析線上。
【視野拓展】
對(duì)于科技新話題,要及時(shí)積累背景知識(shí),減少閱讀障礙。我們可以選擇百度、Google搜索引擎搜索科技類話題的文章,而來自維基百科的資料可信度最高。
自動(dòng)駕駛汽車,也稱為無人駕駛汽車、自動(dòng)駕駛汽車和機(jī)器人汽車,是一種能夠在不需要人類輸入的情況下感知環(huán)境和導(dǎo)航的車輛。
自動(dòng)駕駛汽車結(jié)合各種技術(shù)來感知周圍環(huán)境,包括雷達(dá)、激光、GPS和計(jì)算機(jī)視覺。高級(jí)控制系統(tǒng)解釋感官信息、識(shí)別適當(dāng)?shù)膶?dǎo)航路徑,以及障礙物和相關(guān)標(biāo)志。盡管提高車輛的自動(dòng)化程度有各種潛在的好處,但仍有尚未解決的問題,例如,安全、技術(shù)問題、責(zé)任糾紛、個(gè)人對(duì)喪失對(duì)其汽車控制權(quán)的抵制、客戶對(duì)無人駕駛汽車安全的關(guān)注、法律的實(shí)施政府規(guī)章的框架和建立,失去隱私和安全關(guān)切的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),如黑客或恐怖主義,以及隨著旅行成本降低和時(shí)間消耗,郊區(qū)化加劇的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
“四環(huán)閱讀”學(xué)情日志
學(xué)而不思則罔,不動(dòng)筆墨不讀書。讀書筆記能夠幫助同學(xué)們消化知識(shí),整理素材,建構(gòu)屬于自己的知識(shí)框架。伴隨日常閱讀和筆記整理量的積累,我們終會(huì)練就“我心如鐵,堅(jiān)不可摧”的小鯉魚精神。不怕題目紅海,我們有筆記語庫(kù);領(lǐng)航學(xué)習(xí)藍(lán)海,手握筆記氣自華。翻開期刊,拿起筆,修內(nèi)功,行遠(yuǎn)路!請(qǐng)同學(xué)們從知識(shí)、技能、文化知識(shí),以及文化品格等方面做一個(gè)反思與評(píng)價(jià)吧。
Date:________________________________________________
Item:________________________________________________
我興奮我閱讀了________________________________________________
我思考我寫了________________________________________________
我驕傲我探究并找到了________________________________________________
我遺憾我探究但沒有找到________________________________________________
我驚嘆我創(chuàng)造了有關(guān)的拓展資料________________________________________________
我興奮我改進(jìn)了一些學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和方法________________________________________________
我憧憬我還有改進(jìn)的空間________________________________________________
老師,我期待您的教誨________________________________________________
同學(xué),我傾聽你的建議________________________________________________
說句激勵(lì)的話給自己________________________________________________