大山深處的苗族
——沒(méi)有銀飾就不能結(jié)婚

陜西省渭南市富平縣迤山中學(xué) 任逾蓉

文章詞數(shù)：361 建議用時(shí)：6′ 難度指數(shù)：★★★

精彩導(dǎo)讀

銀飾是苗族女孩結(jié)婚時(shí)的必備嫁妝，沒(méi)有銀飾就不能結(jié)婚。銀飾象征著苗族的過(guò)去和文化。佩戴銀飾不僅僅是一種對(duì)祖先的紀(jì)念，更是對(duì)苗族傳統(tǒng)文化的遵守。同樣，崇尚銀飾成為苗族歷代不衰的族群文化標(biāo)識(shí)，這也是苗族服飾文化的根本標(biāo)志。

When she①got married,Guanghui Wu was carrying 10kg of silver on her head and shoulders.

“Every girl has to get a set of silver to get married,”Wu explained.

For females from theMiaoethnic民族的group in the mountainous Guizhou Province of south-western China,wearing heavy and elaborate精心制作的silver headdresses and jewellery is common during weddings,funerals and the②annualSister’s Meal Festival.

Many families believe their daughters cannot get married if they don’t own a③propersilver outfit全套服裝；裝束,and start saving④up to10 years before the ceremony.

“You can tell a family’s wealth from the silver she is wearing,”Wu said.Her family has been making silver for at least three generations,and,even though her village and society is now rapidly changing,she is not ready to⑤give up the tradition.

“Without silver,a girl is not a girl,” an oldMiaosaying goes.

A disappearing art?

Only very young children and the elderly inhabit居住于the village.The tradition of silver-making⑥has deep roots inMiaoculture,but what will happen when the roots spread too far from the tree?

Hope for future generations.

Now 29,Wu works as a nurse in a hospital in Kaili.Although detached使分離from her village from a young age,Wu is proud of her heritage and of her family’s story:her parents got married with 1kg of silver on them,while she got to wear 10kg.She and her husband Shikun Yang plan to pass their people’s unique culture on to their children.

“Most kids are born and live in the cities.The parents no longer useMiaolanguage to communicate with their kids.Therefore,the language is slowly dying.I want my son to learn the language and keep our culture and tradition alive,”Wu said.

“Silver⑦stands fortheMiaoethnic group’s past and culture.Wearing silver is not only a memorial to the ancestors,but also the observance of the traditional culture of theMiaopeople.⑧Advocatingsilver ornaments飾品has become an enduring持久的cultural symbol of theMiaoethnic group and it is also the basic mark of theMiaopeople’s clothing culture.” an historian illustrated.

閱讀掃障

Ⅰ.熱詞積累

①get married（to...） 與……結(jié)婚

②annual[謖覸nju藜l]adj.每年的

③proper[謖pr鬑p藜r]adj.恰當(dāng)?shù)模缓线m的

④up to達(dá)到

⑤give up the tradition放棄傳統(tǒng)

⑥have deep roots in...在……根深蒂固⑦stand for代表；支持

⑧advocate[謖覸dv藜ke奘t]vt.提倡；主張

Ⅱ.難句分析

1.Although detached from her village from a young age,Wu is proud of her heritage and of her family’s story...盡管在很小的時(shí)候就離開(kāi)了她的村莊，但吳光輝對(duì)她的傳統(tǒng)和她的家庭故事感到自豪……

句中although引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；Although detached from相當(dāng)于 Although she was detached from，因讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)同為Wu，故將讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞was同時(shí)省略。

2.Wearing silver is not only a memorial to the ancestors,but also the observance of the traditional culture of the Miaopeople.佩戴銀飾不僅僅是一種對(duì)祖先的紀(jì)念，更是對(duì)苗族傳統(tǒng)文化的遵守。

本句使用的是“not only...，but also...”句型。 當(dāng) not only...，but also...連接并列的成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要遵循“就近原則”，即與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

Not only I but also he likes English.不僅我而且他也喜歡英語(yǔ)。

Not only he but also I like English.不僅他而且我也喜歡英語(yǔ)。

譯文助讀

當(dāng)吳光輝結(jié)婚的時(shí)候，她的頭上和肩上披著10公斤重的銀飾。

“每個(gè)女孩都必須擁有一套銀飾才能結(jié)婚，”吳光輝解釋道。

中國(guó)西南部多山的貴州省的苗族婦女，在婚禮、葬禮和一年一度的姐妹節(jié)期間，佩戴沉重而精致的銀色頭飾和珠寶是很常見(jiàn)的。

許多家庭認(rèn)為，如果他們的女兒沒(méi)有全套合適的銀飾裝就不能結(jié)婚，并且他們會(huì)在女兒結(jié)婚前10年就開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備。

吳光輝說(shuō):“你可以從她佩戴的銀飾看出這個(gè)家庭是否富有。”她的家庭至少有三代人在制造銀飾，盡管她的村莊和社會(huì)正在迅速變化著，但她也沒(méi)有打算放棄傳統(tǒng)。

“沒(méi)有銀飾的女孩不算女孩，”一個(gè)古老的苗族諺語(yǔ)這樣說(shuō)。

一種消失的藝術(shù)？

只有很小的孩子和老人住在村子里。在苗族文化中，制銀的傳統(tǒng)根深蒂固，但當(dāng)傳統(tǒng)越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)，會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢？

寄希望于后代。

現(xiàn)年29歲的吳光輝在凱里市的一家醫(yī)院當(dāng)護(hù)士。盡管她在很小的時(shí)候就離開(kāi)了村莊，但吳光輝對(duì)她的傳統(tǒng)和她的家庭故事感到自豪:她的父母結(jié)婚時(shí)佩戴著1公斤的銀飾，而她佩戴了10公斤。她和她的丈夫楊世坤計(jì)劃將他們的民族獨(dú)特的文化傳給他們的孩子。

吳光輝說(shuō)：“大多數(shù)孩子出生并居住在城市。父母不再用苗語(yǔ)與孩子交流。因此，這種語(yǔ)言正在慢慢消亡。我希望我兒子去學(xué)習(xí)這種語(yǔ)言,讓我們的文化和傳統(tǒng)流傳下去。”

一位歷史學(xué)家解釋道：“銀飾象征著苗族的過(guò)去和文化。佩戴銀飾不僅僅是一種對(duì)祖先的紀(jì)念，更是對(duì)苗族傳統(tǒng)文化的遵守。同樣，崇尚銀飾成為苗族歷代不衰的族群文化標(biāo)識(shí)，這也是苗族服飾文化的根本標(biāo)志。”