浙大學子化身文化使者

李濟沅 王湛

浙江大學電氣工程學院“致遠”計劃的同學們，今年夏天組成了“講好中國故事，傳播中國聲音”暑期社會實踐團，奔赴“一帶一路”重要節點國家塞爾維亞，開展了為期一個月的實踐活動。

在貝爾格萊德街頭的采訪

八月的塞爾維亞晴朗而干燥，湛藍的天空沒有一絲浮云，一大早，奪目的陽光就把貝城里外照了個通透。位于多瑙河南岸、薩瓦河東岸的貝城老區面積不大，特斯拉博物館、舊街、共和國廣場等歷史地標分布集中。社會實踐團成員們選擇距離最近的圣薩瓦教堂作為街頭采訪的第一站，開始“暴走”貝爾格萊德。

當你聽到“中國”，你腦子里最先出現的是哪個詞？

龍，漢字，大熊貓，工業，高鐵……

塞爾維亞國土面積略小于浙江省，其居民出行主要依賴公路交通。從位于中部的首都貝爾格萊德，到位于最北部的第五大城市蘇博蒂察，全程約190公里。但汽車一般會在中北部的第二大城市諾維薩德經停，鮮有往返于兩地間的直達班次，總耗時超過3小時。如果選擇乘火車，耗時幾乎為汽車的兩倍。反觀國內，杭州到上海距離約180公里，往返于兩地的高鐵耗時不過一小時。塞爾維亞人對中國高鐵的速度，在驚訝之余也有幾分羨慕之情。

你的手機是什么牌子？

三星，華為，蘋果，一加，小米，聯想……

中國產手機已然成為國際市場的新貴。貝城大街不乏宣傳中國手機的廣告噴繪。手機作為通信設備，在當地擁有極其廣泛的持有率。受訪者中，有相當一部分人正在使用中國品牌的手機，華為、小米、聯想、一加都有不錯的市場表現。而關于其使用體驗，不少受訪者對其功能和質量贊不絕口，甚至主動掏出手機向采訪的同學展示。

你吃過中餐么？

年輕人多回答“喜歡”“想嘗試”。

“功夫餐廳”老板楊芳霞女士向實踐團講述了她在塞爾維亞創業14年的故事。2008年金融危機之前，她在塞爾維亞從事服裝貿易行業，之后轉行做中餐業，至今正好10年。據她講，她的中餐生意經歷了兩次重要的轉折點：一是2013年“一帶一路”倡議的提出，此后越來越多的中國企業開始在塞爾維亞尋找商機，她的中餐生意也從中獲得了更多機會；二是2017年的中塞免簽政策的落地，貝城街頭越來越多的中國游客成為她的重要客源。現在，塞爾維亞較大的城市都分布有中國餐廳（以快餐居多），雖然菜品的口味會根據當地人的喜好或多或少作出些調整，但“宮保雞丁”“辣子雞”等中國特色菜仍受到當地食客的青睞。

你（中國游客）為什么選擇來塞旅游？

免簽方便，風情吸引。

社會實踐團在共和國廣場偶遇了不少中國游客。一對來自深圳的小情侶直奔塞爾維亞來了一場說走就走的蜜月旅行。在貝爾格萊德的兩天行程中，當地人民的熱情款待令他們倍感溫馨。

浙大學子帶來中國聲音

你聽說過中國新“四大發明”嗎？你知道“一帶一路”與世界青年有什么關系嗎？社會實踐團同學來到了諾維薩德大學孔子學院開展文化宣講，不少塞爾維亞當地的青年專程趕來。

諾維薩德是塞爾維亞第二大城市。諾維薩德大學坐落于主城東岸的多瑙河之濱。諾維薩德大學的孔子學院成立于2014年，下設諸多漢語教學點，分布于塞爾維亞各個城市，4年間已經吸引了大批中華文化愛好者前來交流學習，辦學規模與影響力正在逐年擴大。

孔子學院的門廳是一間中式書房，廳內擺放著一把扶手椅，一方長書案，靠后的兩側墻角則分別對稱放置有大小四只置物架，家具均以土漆漆制，與三面紅墻相得益彰。兩面側墻分別掛著孔夫子的畫像和學生活動的相片，書案背墻中央則為毛筆題寫的書院全名。門廳旁邊的小門通往學院的畫室，有學生著漢服在其中研習功課，國畫、茶道、快板，其技藝之純熟、作品之精妙令人贊嘆。

在場的塞爾維亞學生超過80%都在使用中國品牌的手機，沒有使用的打趣說“自己像個另類”。在宣講會上，社會實踐團成員周一同學特意提前剪輯了一個視頻短片作為引子，與大家互動探討塞爾維亞青年眼中的中國。從他們口中，社會實踐團成員們聽到了更多關于中國的關鍵詞，例如漢語橋、支付寶、微信、共享單車……得益于日益增進的雙邊交流，塞爾維亞這片千里之外的異域土地正在逐漸了解中國。

在活躍的氣氛中，實踐團成員何哲楠同學以“路”為關鍵詞，從自己老家的鄉村小路講起，讓大家感受到中國的快速發展之路和聯通世界之路。“正是得益于‘一帶一路，讓我能有機會來到這個魅力十足的國度，期待有一天中國的高鐵、共享單車、移動支付也能來到塞爾維亞，而塞爾維亞的特色牛奶也能出現在中國餐桌上……”

一個個生動的中國高速發展的例子，流利的英文和精彩的展示，讓在座的聽眾對這群浙大學生豎起了大拇指。

“中國味道”香飄塞爾維亞

位于蘇博蒂察的臥龍控股集團ATB SERVER子公司是社會實踐團成員的實習地，三周的實習經歷充實而富有挑戰性，社會實踐團成員們也受到了企業的熱情款待。為了表達感謝，同時也讓當地人品嘗中國美食、體驗中國文化，成員們決定烹飪一席豐盛的中餐晚宴作為回饋。

烹飪所用調料均是在貝爾格萊德的中國市場購買的。塞爾維亞的廚房并不使用明火，多用烤箱。“廚師們”用盡十八般武藝，完成煎、炸、燉、炒等各道工序，歷經三個半小時，將十余種家常菜送上飯桌。從蛋炒飯，到玉米排骨湯、可樂雞翅、蘑菇肉片、酸辣土豆絲，甚至四川火鍋，菜品齊備，可謂是應有盡有。

為了讓這頓晚宴更有中國味，成員們對場地進行了精心布置。鄔博騁同學用毛筆在餐廳大門題寫了對聯：“聞香且下馬，知味暫停車”，并用小楷題寫了“今日菜單”。另兩名同學則與提早前來的職員一起，剪窗花，畫臉譜，做手工。精巧的蒙古包與別致的“醉翁亭”，拼好了放在桌上，成了極具中國韻味的手工藝品；大紅的窗花與色彩斑斕的臉譜，剪好畫好了貼在墻上，平添了許多喜氣。而餐桌上已經提前放好了竹筷子。

晚宴當地時間晚上七點半準時開始。從品嘗菜肴，到體驗“中式幫忙夾菜”，到天南地北暢聊，一桌美食似乎超越了文化背景的固有差異，把種族不同、膚色不同、語言不同的中國大學生和塞爾維亞青年緊緊地聯結在一起。

中國故事，就是中國人的故事；中國聲音，就是中國人的聲音。讓世界了解中國，也是每一個中國人的事。

（本文圖片由郝唯粟攝）

A group of students from School of Electrical Engineering of Zhejiang University spent a month in summer 2018 promoting Chinese culture in Serbia. The group visited Belgrade， Novi Sad， Subotica to know better about this country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.

The students not only did sightseeing around but also interviewed local residents to find out how much they knew about China. In a random street survey near St. Sava Church in the old downtown of Belgrade they got some interesting answers.

The students first question was， “What pops to your mind first when you hear the word China？” The answers included dragon， Chinese characters， panda， industry， and high-speed railway. The students found why high-speed railway figured so much in the mind of Serbians： Serbia is slightly smaller than Zhejiang Province in terms of geographical area. Highways are the main means of transport. It usually takes about three hours to ride a bus to reach Subotica about 190 kilometers away from Belgrade. Usually， the bus will stop at Novi Sad， the second largest city of the country. Buses seldom run directly between Belgrade and Subotica. It takes nearly 6 hours to travel from Belgrade to Subotica. Hangzhou is about 180 kilometers southwest of Shanghai. A high-speed train takes about one hour to cover the distance.

The second question was， “What is the make of your cell phone？” The answers covered well known brands such as Samsung， Huawei， Apple， OnePlus， Xiaomi， and Lenovo. Cell phones made by Chinese manufacturers are now a new trend on the international market. The students saw large-sized advertisements on Chinese cell phones in Belgrade. Most people in Belgrade have cell phones and quite a few people surveyed had Chinese cell phones. Huawei， Xiaomi， Lenovo and OnePlus worked quite well in Serbia. Some interviewees showed their phones to the students from Zhejiang.

The third question was， “Have you ever tried Chinese food？” the young people replied that they liked Chinese food or that they would like to have a try. Yang Fangxia， a restaurateur in Belgrade， had been Serbia for 14 years. Before the economic crisis in 2008， she was engaged in garment business. In 2008， she turned to Chinese food. Her restaurant business experienced two turning points： her business picked up in 2013 when more Chinese businesses came to Serbia for a market share after the Belt and Road Initiative was launched. The second turning point was 2017 when Chinese tourists could visit Serbia without a visa. Chinese tourists brought in by the new policy are now her major customers. Nowadays， big cities in Serbia have Chinese restaurants. Though most dishes on the menus are somewhat modified to cater to local customers， some Chinese dishes such as Kung Pao Chicken and Spicy Chicken remain popular.

The students also put a question to Chinese tourists they met in Belgrade： “Why did you pick Serbia as your tour destination？” The answer was similar： it takes no visa to travel and Serbia offers very alluring sights.

The students from Zhejiang University held a special lecture at Confucius Institute of Novi Sad University. It is the second largest city of the country. The Confucius Institute， founded in 2014， now offers Chinese courses in major cities in Serbia. Over the past four years， these language courses have attracted many local residents. He Zhenan， a student from Zhejiang University， gave a talk centered on “road”. He talked about the small roads in his home village and then talked about Chinas road to fast economic growth and to the outside world. “Thanks to the Belt and Road Initiative， I am able to visit Serbia， a country for charms. I am looking forward to the day when Serbia will have high-speed railways， shared bike services， mobile payment systems and when Chinese people will have milk from Serbia on their kitchen table.”

During their trip to Serbia， the students from Zhejiang University visited ATB Server， a Serbian business in Subotica， which is affiliated with a Chinese multinational corporation. The students received warm welcome at the business. In order to say thank-you to the local host， the students prepared a dinner. All the food ingredients were bought at a Chinese supermarket in Belgrade. The students spent three hours and a half preparing over 10 courses. They also decorated the dining room with Chinese gadgets such as paper-cutting pieces and Peking Opera facial masks， adding a Chinese touch to the dinner.