辣椒田蜘蛛混合種群空間分布型分析

王小強 曹馨月 劉虹玲 伍興隆 蒲德強 李躍建 房超

摘要：【目的】掌握辣椒田蜘蛛混合種群的空間分布，為控制辣椒田蟲害并保護蜘蛛類群提供科學依據。【方法】通過五點取樣法對辣椒整株上草間小黑蛛（Erigonidium graminicola）和擬環狼蛛（Lycosa pseudoannulata）進行調查，每點系統調查10株，應用2種回歸方法和8個聚集度指標對蜘蛛混合種群調查數據進行統計分析，研究其空間格局;通過Iwao回歸法和Taylor冪法則計算蜘蛛混合種群理論抽樣數，以Iwao和Kuno序貫抽樣技術擬合蜘蛛混合種群的序貫抽樣模型。【結果】通過Iwao m*-m回歸法得到α=0.517>0、β=1.089>1，Taylor冪法則得到a=1.616>0、b=1.071>1，表明蜘蛛混合種群呈聚集分布，聚集強度隨種群密度的升高而增大，且個體間相互吸引，其聚集原因由環境因素引起;通過種群密度與聚集度指標相關性分析，發現平均擁擠度（m*）、叢生指標（I）、久野指數（CA）、擴散系數（C）、負二項分布指標（K）、田間個體平均大小（L*）及L*/（m+1）均能用以分析蜘蛛混合種群空間分布型;利用空間格局參數確定了理論抽樣數和序貫抽樣模型。【結論】辣椒田蜘蛛混合種群呈聚集分布，其聚集原因由環境因素引起。

關鍵詞： 辣椒;蜘蛛;混合種群;分布型;抽樣技術

中圖分類號： S476.9? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2095-1191（2018）11-2204-06

Spatial distribution of mixed spider populations in pepper fields

WANG Xiao-qiang1， CAO Xin-yue2， LIU Hong-ling3， WU Xin-long1，

PU De-qiang1，3*， LI Yue-jian4， FANG Chao4

（1Industrial Crop Research Institute，Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu? 610300， China; 2Tea Research Institute，Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu? 610066， China; 3Institute of Plant Protection， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu? 610066， China; 4Horticultural Institute， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Vegetable Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province， Chengdu? 610066， China）

Abstract：【Objective】The spatial distribution of mixed spider populations in pepper fields were studied to provide scientific basis for comprehensive control of the pest in pepper fields and protection of spider populations. 【Method】The five points sampling method was used to investigate the Erigonidium graminicola and Lycosa pseudoannulata in the whole plant of pepper， and ten plants were investigated at each point. Two regression models and eight indexes of aggregation were used to analyze the data of mixed spider populations， and the spatial distribution patterns were studied.? Meanwhile， Iwaos regression and Taylors power law were used to calculate the theoretical sampling number of mixed spider populations， then? Iwaos regression and Kunos sequential sampling methods were used to fit the sequential sampling model of mixed spiders. 【Result】Calculated by Iwao m*-m regression， α=0.517>0， β=1.089>1， and a=1.616>0， b=1.071>1 by Taylor power law. So the distribution patterns of spiders was in mixed population. Aggregation intensity increased with the increase of population density， and the individuals attracted each other. The aggregation was caused by environmental factors. The correlation between population density and aggregation indexes indicated that， mean crowding intensity（m*）， clumping index（I）， CA index（CA）， diffusion coefficient（C）， minus binomial distribution index（K）， individual mean size in field（L*） and L*/（1+m） could explain the spatial distribution patterns of spiders of mixed population. Theoretical sampling number and sequential sampling model were determined by spatial pattern parameters. 【Conclusion】The distribution pattern of spiders of mixed populations was in an aggregated distribution and aggregation is caused by environmental factors.

Key words： pepper; spider; mixed population; spatial distribution pattern; sampling technique

0 引言

【研究意義】我國蔬菜種類繁多，栽培歷史悠久，但生產中存在因嚴重蟲害而造成的蔬菜產量和品質下降等問題（雷仲仁等，2016;劉文瑞，2016）。我國植保工作者為解決此類問題做了大量工作，目前對害蟲的防治仍以化學農藥為主，而蔬菜生產與人類食用周期相對較短，故農藥殘留問題遠高于其他農產品。隨著生活水平的提……