9個引種鮮食葡萄品種的栽培性狀及果實品質表現

梁世弦　唐桓偉　白揚　成果　甘振爍　陸媚　馬廣仁　莫涔涔　劉志忠　王博　陳孚儀

摘要：【目的】分析9個引種鮮食葡萄品種在南寧的栽培性狀及其果實品質，為篩選適宜桂南地區栽培的鮮食葡萄品種提供參考依據。【方法】田間觀察南寧引種的光輝、紅巴拉多、著色香、早黑寶、里扎馬特、金手指、摩爾多瓦、黃意大利和戀人等9個鮮食葡萄品種的物候期和生長特性，測定分析其果實品質。【結果】黃意大利、光輝、摩爾多瓦和著色香表現出較好的生長適應性和結果習性，萌芽率和結果枝率均在80.0%以上，其余5個品種成花較困難，結果枝率低于60.0%。黃意大利的果實品質綜合表現較好，可溶性固形物含量達17.36%，總糖含量達254.53 mg/mL；光輝的粒重為9.99 g，果粒大且串型整齊；著色香具有獨特的香氣；光輝、摩爾多瓦和著色香果實的可溶性固形物含量較低，約15.00%。【結論】黃意大利的栽培性狀和果實品質綜合表現最佳，可作為中晚熟品種在桂南地區推廣種植；光輝、摩爾多瓦和著色香的栽培性狀表現較好，其中光輝可作為早熟品種、摩爾多瓦可作為中晚熟品種在桂南地區適當推廣種植，著色香可作為特色早熟品種搭配其他主栽品種少量種植；紅巴拉多、早黑寶、里扎馬特、金手指和戀人不宜在桂南地區推廣種植。

關鍵詞： 鮮食葡萄；引種；栽培性狀；品質表現；桂南地區

中圖分類號： S663.1 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2095-1191（2018）06-1177-06

Abstract：【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to analyze the cultivation characteristics and fruit quality of nine introduced table grape cultivars in Nanning， in order to provide reference for screening suitable table grape cultivar to cultivate in southern area of Guangxi. 【Method】The phenophase and growth characteristics of nine table grape cultivars introduced in Nanning were observed through field observation， including Guanghui，Red Barbra，Zhuosexiang，Zaoheibao，Rizamat，Goldfinger，Moldova，Yellow Italy and Lover. And fruit quality was determined and analyzed in laboratory. 【Result】Among the nine introduced table grape cultivars，Yellow Italy， Guanghui， Moldova and Zhuosexiang performed better growth adaptability and bearing habit； their germination rates and bearing branch rates were above 80.0%. However， for the rest five cultivars， flower formations were difficult， and the bearing branch rates were below 60.0%. For the fruit quality， Yellow Italy showed fine comprehensive quality， with soluble solid content reaching 17.36% and total sugar content reaching 254.53 mg/mL. Guanghui exhibited big berry which was 9.99 g and uniform clusters. Zhuosexiang performed unique aroma. However，the soluble solid contents of Guanghui，Moldova and Zhuosexiang were low， which was around 15.00%. 【Conclusion】Yellow Italy exhibits the most outstanding cultivation characters and fruit quality and can be promoted widely as medium-late maturing cultivar in southern area of Guangxi. Guanghui，Moldova and Zhuosexiang all perform good cultivation characteristics. Guanghui and Moldova can be promoted properly in southern area of Guangxi as early maturing cultivar and medium-late maturing cultivar respectively. Zhuosexiang can be planted in small scale with other main cultivars as early maturing cultivar with characteristics. Red Barbra，Zaoheibao，Rizamat，Goldfinger and Lover are not recommended for promotion and plantation in south area of Guangxi.

Key words： table grape； introduction； cultivation characteristics； quality performance； southern area of Guangxi

0 引言

【研究意義】隨著葡萄一年兩收栽培技術的推廣，廣西成為葡萄的特殊優勢種植區，栽培面積已超過2.67萬ha（孫欣等，2015）。……