高照猛 徐建 張磊 張旗
[摘要] 目的 探討抗苗勒管激素評價生育期女性RA患者卵巢儲備功能的臨床應用價值。 方法 選擇2015年12月5日~2017年4月30日住院的90例20~50歲生育期女性RA患者及年齡匹配的健康女性作為對照組。電化學發光測定抗苗勒管激素(AMH),回顧性分析所有患者的臨床資料。應用 SPSS 軟件作 ROC 曲線,計算AMH的曲線下面積。危險因素采用Logistic回歸法進行統計學分析。 結果 (1)共90例RA患者納入分析[平均年齡(32.2±6.87)歲,病程為(3.03±2.03)年]。RA患者AMH水平[(2.74±0.16)ng/mL]明顯低于對照組[(3.75±0.17)ng/mL]。(2)Pearson相關分析結果顯示,年齡的增加(r=0.965,P<0.001)和bFSH(r=0.664,P<0.001)與低AMH水平相關。ROC曲線分析提示AMH為2.27 ng/mL時對卵巢儲備功能減低(DOR)的預測敏感性為0.828,特異性為0.727。(3)暴露于雷公藤制劑的RA患者AMH水平[(1.86±0.16)ng/mL]明顯低于未暴露者[(3.27±0.14)ng/mL]。AMH水平在應用其他免疫抑制劑(包括甲氨蝶呤、來氟米特、羥氯喹)患者間比較差異無統計學意義。(4)Logistic回歸分析提示雷公藤制劑的使用是DOR發生的危險因素(OR=7.31,P=0.019,95%CI 1.39~38.54)。 結論 AMH水平可以評價生育期女性RA患者的卵巢功能狀態。臨床應用雷公藤制劑治療RA時需警惕其卵巢毒性。
[關鍵詞] 關節炎;類風濕;抗苗勒管激素;卵巢功能不全
[中圖分類號] R593.22 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2018)14-0021-06
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical application value of anti-Mullerian hormone in the evaluation of ovarian reserve function in the child-bearing female patients with RA. Methods A total of 90 child-bearing patients with RA aged from 20 to 50 years of age who were hospitalized from December 5, 2015 to April 30, 2017 were enrolled and healthy females with matched ages were enrolled as the control group. Electrochemiluminescence assay was used to determine the anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH) and the clinical data of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS software was applied to draw the ROC curve and calculate the area under the AMH curve. Risk factors were statistically analyzed using Logistic regression method. Results (1)A total of 90 patients with RA were included in the analysis [mean age (32.2±6.87) years, duration of disease (3.03±2.03) years]. AMH levels in RA patients [(2.74±0.16) ng/mL] were significantly lower than those in the control group [(3.75±0.17) ng/mL]. (2)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the increase of age(r=0.965, P<0.001) and bFSH(r=0.664, P<0.001) were associated with low AMH levels. The ROC curve analysis showed that the predictive sensitivity to the ovarian reserve reduction(DOR) was 0.828 and the specificity was 0.727 when AMH was 2.27 ng/mL. (3)AMH levels in the patients with RA exposed to Tripterygium wilfordii preparation[(1.86±0.16) ng/mL] were significantly lower than those in unexposed patients [(3.27±0.14) ng/mL]. There was no statistically significant difference in AMH levels among the patients receiving other immunosuppressive agents (including methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine). (4)Logistic regression analysis indicated that the use of Tripterygium wilfordii preparation was the risk factor for DOR (OR=7.31, P=0.019, 95% CI 1.39 to 38.54). Conclusion AMH levels can be used to evaluate ovarian function in child-bearing female patients with RA. Ovarian toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii preparations should be alerted in the its clinical application in the treatment of RA.
[Key words] Arthritis; RA; Anti-Mullerian hormone; Ovarian insufficiency
類風濕關節炎是一種好發于女性的自身免疫性疾病,相比于正常女性,生育期女性類風濕關節炎患者面臨更多的生育問題。有研究發現[1,2],女性RA患者生育率減低,并且絕經年齡提前,這些均有可能與其卵巢儲備功能受損有關。卵巢的儲備功能定義為卵巢剩余功能的能力,其取決于卵巢內庫存卵泡的數量和質量,隨著年齡增長,卵巢內存留的可募集卵泡數目減少及卵子質量下降可導致生育能力下降,即卵巢儲備功能降低。臨床上用于監測卵巢儲備功能的指標主要有早卵泡期卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、雌二醇(estradial,E2)、基礎卵巢體積、竇狀卵泡計數(antral follicle count,AFC) 抑制素B(inhibin B,INHB)等。近年來抗苗勒管激素(anti-mullerian hormone,AMH)逐漸被應用于臨床評估卵巢的儲備功能[3]。目前國內尚無應用抗苗勒管激素評價生育期女性類風濕關節炎患者卵巢功能的研究,故招募了90例生育期女性類風濕關節炎患者進行該研究,以探討AMH水平變化的臨床意義及其相關影響因素,現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料
病例組來源于2015年12月5日~2017年4月30日就診于本院風濕免疫科的女性類風濕關節炎患者,所有病例均符合 2010年ACR/EULAR的RA分類標準[4]。詳細詢問并記錄患者的姓名、年齡、病程、晨僵時間、匹茲堡睡眠質量指數量表(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)評分、關節壓痛指數(TJC)、關節腫脹數(SJC)等臨床資料以及C反應蛋白(CRP)、類風濕因子(RF)、抗環瓜氨酸肽抗體(anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, ACPA)滴度等實驗室資料。根據下述公式計算DAS28進行疾病活動評分, DAS28(CRP)=0.56×+0.28×+0.014GH+0.36×In(CRP+1)+0.96。DAS28<2.6表示疾病緩解,低活動度為<3.2分,中度活動度為3.2~5.1分,高活動度為>5.1分[5]。納入標準:近3個月月經周期正常;3個月內月經周期第3天性激素檢測符合卵泡期正常值;未孕;3個月內無流產史;無內分泌疾病史;無高脂血癥史;無心血管疾病史;無飲酒史;半年內無服用避孕藥史。排除標準: 既往接受環磷酰胺治療者;半年內全身接受激素治療者;已知絕經,確診多囊卵巢綜合征(PCOS)、子宮內膜異位癥、卵巢手術或放射治療以及由于其他原因接受性激素治療者,或拒絕參與者。分組情況:90例女性類風濕關節炎患者入組,年齡21~44歲,平均(32.20±6.87)歲。按年齡將受試對象分為5個年齡組:20~24歲(18例),25~29歲(18例),30~34歲(19例),35~39歲(17例),40~44歲(18例)。對照組來源于我院優生科及產科門診的年齡匹配的健康女性90名。本研究經勝利油田中心醫院倫理委員會批準(Q/ZXYY-ZY-TWB-LL201641),取得受試對象的知情同意。
1.2 診斷標準
卵巢儲備功能下降(diminished ovarian reserve, DOR):兩次基礎血10 IU/L≤FSH<40 IU/L為DOR[6]。睡眠障礙:以PSQI進行判定,用于評定患者最近1個月的睡眠質量,每個部分按0~3等級計分,得分越高,表示睡眠質量越差,評分>7分判定為睡眠障礙。
1.3 檢測方法
基礎卵泡刺激素(baseline follicle stimulating hormone,bFSH):月經周期第3天,清晨空腹,取肘靜脈血標本4 mL,3500 r/min,離心10 min,取血清待測,檢測方法為化學發光法。AMH檢測方法:應用羅氏全自動電化學發光免疫分析儀(Cobas e601型)檢測血清中AMH及bFSH水平。正常參考值:AMH:20~24歲(1.66~9.49)ng/mL; 25~29歲(1.18~9.16)ng/mL;30~34歲(0.67~7.55)ng/mL;35~39歲(0.78~5.24)ng/mL; 40~44歲(0.09~2.96)ng/mL; 45~50歲(0.05~2.06)ng/mL;bFSH:(3.50~12.50 IU/L。ACPA、RF檢測采用ELISA法(試劑為德國AESKU公司產品)。
1.4 統計學分析
所有數據采用SPSS17.0統計學軟件包進行分析。應用Pearson相關性分析研究AMH有關變量間的相關性;應用單因素方差分析比較不同年齡組AMH及bFSH的水平。計量資料以均數±標準差 (x±s)表示,各組間數據的比較依據資料的性質,采用t檢驗或方差分析。Levene檢驗測定AMH水平方差的同質性。受試者操作特征(ROC)曲線被用來評估AMH水平評價DOR的敏感性和特異性。二元Logistic回歸分析卵巢儲備功能下降的相關因素,用比值比(OR)及其95%CI表示相對風險度。P<0.05為差異具有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 研究人群一般情況
90例患者納入研究。平均年齡(32.20±6.87)歲,平均病程(3.03±1.03)年,DAS28平均(4.00±0.84)分。免疫抑制劑(需連續用藥4周以上)應用情況如下:來氟米特52.2%(n=47), 羥氯喹52.2%(n=47),甲氨蝶呤63.3%(n=57),雷公藤多苷37.8%(n=34)。吸煙、體重指數(BMI)與健康對照組無顯著差異(P=0.485和[11] 趙麗,呂時銘. 抗苗勒管激素的研究與應用進展[J]. 中華檢驗醫學雜志, 2014, 37(7):509-512.
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(收稿日期:2018-02-02)