劇院建筑設計指南之格思里劇院

明尼阿波利斯市，明尼蘇達州，美國Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

位于明尼阿波利斯市的格思里劇院建于1963年，是美國最早的地區性劇院之一。這座非凡的半島式劇院由建筑師羅夫?拉普森設計，是對他早期的同類型劇院設計缺陷的一種獨一無二的特殊改進；在原先的設計中，沿著古典圓形劇場的模型而設計的圓形長排觀眾席，從視覺上夸大了房間的寬度，而使舞臺顯得很小。而這一次，拉普森選擇設計一個由不規則排列的觀眾席所包圍的不對稱半島式舞臺。

The Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, first established in 1963, was among the earliest regional theatres in the USA. Its extraordinary thrust theatre,designed by architect Ralph Rapson, was a unique and idiosyncratic response to the flaws Rapson perceived in earlier thrust theatres, where long circular rows followed the model of classical amphitheatres and seemed to exaggerate the width of the room and make the stage seem small by comparison. Rapson instead chose to create an asymmetrical thrust stage surrounded by an irregular arrangement of rows.

大約40年后，格思里劇院超出了原建筑的運營負荷。研究發現在原址擴建是不可能的，于是在密西西比河畔重新選址，開始規劃建造一個統一且具有延展性的新設施。新建筑包括三個表演空間：伍特勒半島式劇場、麥奎爾鏡框式劇場、道林工作室劇場，以及相應的制作及配套空間。這三個舞臺能容納多達13臺混合古典和新式風格不同作品在內的一整個演出季的演出。

After nearly 40 years the Guthrie had outgrown the original building. When studies concluded expansion in-place was not possible, a site was secured on the Mississippi River, and planning began for a new consolidated and expanded facility. The new building contains three performance spaces: the Wurtele Thrust Stage, the McGuire Proscenium Stage and the Dowling Studio Theater, plus production and support spaces.The three stages accommodate a season of up to 13 productions in a mixture of classics and new plays.

伍特勒半島式舞臺劇場

建筑師讓?努維爾選擇以垂直的方式來構建項目。一樓是一個開放的公共大廳、售票廳、書店和餐飲店。從這里乘扶梯直接上升50英尺即可抵達第一層的伍特勒半島式劇場和麥奎爾鏡框式劇場，那里還有一個巨大的175英尺長的懸臂式觀景臺，可以看到密西西比河的全景。道林劇場在第八層。道路兩側配有大型貨運電梯，方便將所需的材料和物品運送至各個不同的舞臺。

Architect Jean Nouvel chose to organize the project vertically. The ground floor is given over to an open public concourse, the box office, bookshop and restaurant. From here escalators rise nearly 50 feet to the first level of lobby space serving the thrust and proscenium theatres, where an enormous 175ft-long cantilevered viewing platform provides sweeping views of the river. The Dowling Studio is on the eighth floor.Large freight elevators on both sides of the street provide access for materials and goods to all three stages.

伍特勒半島式舞臺的設計初衷是想盡可能地代替拉普森的原始版本，同時考慮提高舒適性、安全性，并解決殘疾人通道以及一些聲學和視覺的問題。原始設計是1300座，后來為了防止空間規模超越原來的尺度而縮減到1100個座位。飛控塔本身已被擴大，但原始半島式舞臺獨特的形狀和尺寸被保留了下來。舞臺不對稱的上口同樣被保留，一個是斜坡，一個是步道。

The design objective for the Wurtele Thrust Stage was to replicate the original Rapson design as closely as possible while making improvements to comfort, safety, disabled access, acoustics and a couple of sightline problems.Originally seating 1,300, the capacity was reduced to 1,100 in order to prevent the room from expanding beyond its original dimensions. The flytower itself was enlarged but the original thrust's unique shape and size were maintained, as were the asymmetrical vomitory entrances to the stage; one ramped and the other stepped.

讓?努維爾和藝術總監喬?道林覺得新的鏡框式舞臺劇場需要與半島式舞臺截然不同，所以努維爾的“激進正面”概念成為鏡框式舞臺的構建原則。麥奎爾劇場具有一個寬闊的“全景”舞臺開口，以及直列的觀眾席直達劇場后方，那里有兩個樓座，分別有兩排及一排座位。

道林劇場是個靈活的空間，可以做很多配置。一個長墻可以升起，使整個大廳的空間得以擴展，同時這里可以看到密西西比河和城市的全景。

The Dowling Studio Theater is a flexible space that can be used in a variety of configurations. One long wall can be raised, expanding the space to encompass its lobby, which has extraordinary panoramic views of the river and the city beyond.