趙志強 王黎
[摘要] 目的 了解在新疆維吾爾族男性首發精神分裂癥患者中的煙草使用情況,及對合并煙草依賴狀況的調查與分析。 方法 使用一般情況自制量表、尼古丁依賴嚴重程度量表(FNDT)、Russell吸煙原因問卷對2016年1~12月在新疆精神衛生中心就診的273例維吾爾族男性首發精神分裂癥患者煙草使用的狀況進行調查和分析,根據《國際疾病與相關健康問題統計分類(第10版)》(ICD-10)中“煙草使用障礙”診斷標準及對篩查陽性患者(FTND>4)進行診斷,用Russell吸煙原因問卷對患者進行吸煙原因進行分析。 結果 在273例患者中終生吸煙率為74.72%(204例);確定符合ICD-10中關于“煙草使用障礙”診斷標準患者64例,占調查總人數的23.44%。在使用Russell吸煙原因問卷中,FTND≤4分與FTND>4分兩組心理意象、癮、自動和依賴分量表得分比較,差異有高度統計學意義(P < 0.01)。 結論 在新疆維吾爾男性首發精神分裂癥患者中,煙草使用情況普遍,尤其以與煙草依賴的共病較為常見,值得注意;特別是對于精神分裂癥患者合并煙草依賴的治療,應引起精神科醫生足夠重視,從而為下一步研究提供有利的依據。
[關鍵詞] 維吾爾族;首發精神分裂癥;煙草使用
[中圖分類號] R749.3 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2018)03(c)-0045-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the tobacco use in Uyghur men with first-episode schizophrenia and to investigate and analyze the prevalence of combined tobacco dependence. Methods A total of 273 Uygur men who were treated in Xinjiang Mental Health Center from January to December in 2016 were enrolled in this study, the status of tobacco use in patients with schizophrenia was investigated and analyzed by the General Self-made Scale, FNDT, and Russell Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ). They were diagnosed according to the diagnosis of "tobacco use disorders" in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) Criteria and screening positive patients (FTND ≥ 4) , and was RRSQ used for analysis of the reasons for smoking in patients. Results The lifetime smoking rate was 74.72% (204 cases) in 273 patients. Sixty-four cases were diagnosed as "tobacco use disorders" by ICD-10, accounting for 23.44%. In the questionnaire RRSQ of, for patients with FTND≤4 and FTND > 4, there was highly statistically significant difference between the two groups in psychological imagery, addiction, autoimmunity and dependence (P < 0.01). Conclusion Tobacco use is common in Uyghur men with first-episode schizophrenia, especially in tobacco-dependent comorbidities, which should arouse people′s attention; especially for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia complicated by tobacco dependence should arouse sufficient attention of psychiatrists, so as to provide a favorable basis for the further study.
[Key words] Uyghur; First episode schizophrenia; Tobacco use
在當今世界中,煙草使用已經成為人們所面臨的重大公共衛生威脅之一,除對使用者本人所帶來的經濟和健康負擔外,煙草使用者過早死亡會使得很多的家庭喪失收入來源。2015年世界衛生組織(WHO)報道:全球每年超過500人直接死于吸煙,約50%的吸煙者死于與吸煙相關的疾病[1]。截至2010年末,我國吸煙人數已經超過約3億人,其中男性吸煙率高達52.9%[2]。
精神分裂癥患者的吸煙行為非常普遍,國內報道[3]男性精神分裂癥患者的吸煙率高達87%,Byrne等[4]報告為88%,明顯的高于正常人群。吸煙是精神分裂癥病因上一個高危因素,即尼古丁對中樞邊緣系統長時間的重復激活導致了精神分裂癥易感個體發病,尼古丁與精神分裂癥的陽性癥狀有關[5]。但吸……