2個番木瓜品種組培苗成苗率研究

謝智旭 沈文濤 言普 庹德財 黎小瑛 周鵬

摘要 [目的]尋找一種針對番木瓜成苗率高、商品苗質量優的育苗技術。[方法]選用番木瓜品種“梭羅”作為試驗材料，MS為基本培養基，添加IBA、NAA、KT等生長調節劑，利用正交試驗進行生長調節劑不同配比生根培養基組合篩選。[結果]最佳生根調節劑組合：IBA 0.75 mg/L，NAA 0.05 mg/L，KT 0.01 mg/L，其生根率為66.7%， 但自育品種“蜜紅”并未獲得同樣的效果。最佳生根水濃度為50 mg/L，其成苗率最高達86.1%。在不考慮時間成本情況下，生根水浸泡時間8 h， 成苗率最高達87.5%。[結論]2個番木瓜品種成苗率基本一致。

關鍵詞 番木瓜；組培苗；正交試驗；生根率；成苗率

中圖分類號 S667.9 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2018）14-0047-04

Study on the Survival Rate of Two Varieties of Papaya Plantlets for Tissue Culture Seedling

XIE Zhixu1，2，SHEN Wentao2，YAN Pu2 et al

（1. Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228；2. Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101）

Abstract [Objective]To find a breeding technique for papaya with high seedling rate and good quality commercial seedling. [Method]‘suoluo variety was selected as the experimental material， and MS was used as the basic culture medium.Growth regulator combinations that contained IBA， NAA， KT was designed， and the orthogonal experiment was used with the different ratio of growth regulator for rooting medium screening. [Result]The optimum combining ratio of root stimulating hormone was IBA 0.75 mg/L， NAA 0.05 mg/L and KT 0.01 mg/L， and the rooting percentage was 66.7%， but ‘mihong varietie did not achieve the same effect. The papaya seedlings were respectively soaked in four different nutrient root water for 6 h by contrast experiment. It was determined the rooting water concentration was 50 mg/L to get the highest rate of seedling formation， and reaching 86.1%. Fixed the best rooting water concentration， and the soaking time of 5 different gradients was tested. Without regard for time cost， finally，the highest percentage of seedlings was 8 hours for soaking， reaching 87.5%. [Conclusion]The survival rates of two varieties of papaya were both almost the same.

Key words Carica papaya L.；Tissue culture seedling；Orthogonal experiment；Rooting rate；Seedling rate

番木瓜（Carica papaya L.）屬番木瓜科番木瓜屬植物，又名木瓜、乳瓜、萬壽果， 為熱帶、亞熱帶常綠軟木質大型多年生草本植物，原產于墨西哥南部以及鄰近的美洲中部地區。番木瓜果實、種子均可入藥，具有很多保健功效[1]。番木瓜被世界衛生組織列為最有營養價值的“十大水果”之首。同時，在我國番木瓜作為純天然中藥材，具有利氣、鎮咳、止嘔、解毒、抗癌、抗心律失常、抗炎、凝血等功效[2-5]。目前番木瓜生產以種子苗為主[6]，木瓜株性復雜，其實生苗不僅后代株性變異大，而且在實際生產中必須在開花時去除雄株、雌株而 保留兩性株，這使得生產成本很高，不利于番木瓜的產業發展。利用組織培養無性繁殖技術培育木瓜苗是有效的解決方法[7-8]。20世紀后半葉，植物組織培養技術發展迅速，利用組織培養，不僅可以生產大量的優良無性系，并可獲得人類需要的多種代謝物質，在植物的品種培育和改良中具有廣闊的前景[9]。……