劉勇軍 黎娟 唐春閨
摘要[目的]研究寧鄉煙區植煙土壤養分的豐缺狀況。[方法]分析了寧鄉縣植煙土壤的常規統計特征和空間分布特征,并參考前人制訂的養分評價標準對養分指標進行豐缺評價。[結果]寧鄉縣植煙土壤酸堿度基本適宜,微酸性(pH 5.5~<6.5)和強酸性(pH 4.5~<5.5)植煙土壤的分布面積分別為57.13%和42.72%;寧鄉縣植煙土壤有機質含量較高,有機質含量為“很高”(≥40 g/kg)和 “高”(30~<40 g/kg)的植煙土壤分布面積分別為64.10%和35.90%;寧鄉縣植煙土壤堿解氮含量偏高,堿解氮含量為“很高”(≥150 mg/kg)和 “高”(120~<150 mg/kg)的植煙土壤分布面積分別為70.43%和21.55%;寧鄉縣植煙土壤有效磷含量偏低,含量為“低”(10~<20 mg/kg)和 “很低”(<10 mg/kg)的植煙土壤分布面積分別為76.27%和12.47%;寧鄉縣植煙土壤速效鉀含量偏低,98.89%的植煙土壤速效鉀在100 mg/kg以下。寧鄉縣植煙土壤有效硼含量較低,全縣植煙土壤有效硼含量均在臨界值以下(0.5 mg/kg)。寧鄉縣植煙土壤有效鋅含量中等,中等(1.5~<3.0 mg/kg)和低的分布面積分別為66.48%和33.52 %。[結論]該研究為煙葉生產上科學地進行養分管理提供指導。
關鍵詞植煙土壤;養分;空間變異;豐缺評價
中圖分類號S158文獻標識碼
A文章編號0517-6611(2018)08-0129-04
Spatial Variation and Abundance Evaluation of Soil Nutrient in Ningxiang Soil
LIU Yongjun1,LI Juan2,TANG Chungui3 et al (1.Hunan Tobacco Science Institute,Changsha,Hunan 410004;2.Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128;3.Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410010)
Abstract[Objective] To study abundance situation of soil nutrient in Ningxiang soil.[Method] The conventional statistical characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of tobacco soil in Ningxiang were analyzed,and the nutrient index was evaluated by reference to the evaluation criteria.[Result] Soil pH in Ningxiang was basically suitable,and the distribution area of acid (5.5-<6.5) and strong acid (4.5-<5.5) tobacco soil were 57.13% and 42.72%; Tobacco soil in Ningxiang had high organic matter content,and the distribution area of organic matter content in Ningxiang for very high (≥40 g/kg) and high (30-<40 g/kg) were 64.10% and 35.90%;Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content was high,and the distribution area of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content for “very high” (≥150 mg/kg) and “high” (120-<150 mg/kg)were 70.43% and 21.55%; Available phosphorus content was low,and the distribution area of available phosphorus content for “low” (10-<20 mg/kg) and “very low”(<10 mg/kg) were 76.27% and 12.47%; The content of available potassium was low,and the available potassium in the area of 98.89% was below 100 mg/kg.The available boron content in tobacco soil was low,and the content of available boron in all area of the whole county was below the critical value (0.5 mg/kg).The content of available zinc in tobacco soil was medium,and the distribution area of available zinc content for medium (1.5-<3.0 mg/kg) and low were 66.48% and 33.52% respectively.[Condusion]The study can provide guidance for the scientific management of nutrient management in tobacco production.
Key wordsTobacco soil;Nutrient;Spatial variation;Abundance evaluation
基金項目湖南省煙草公司科研項目(17-20Aa07);湖南省煙草公司科技項目“湖南稻作煙區合理耕層構建與土壤培肥關鍵技術研究與應用”(湘煙科〔2017〕170)。
作者簡介劉勇軍(1981—),男,湖南常德人,農藝師,在讀博士,從事煙草栽培技術研究。*通訊作者,研究員,博士,從事煙草科學與工程技術和農業可持續發展研究。
收稿日期2017-12-21
煙草的產量、化學品質及抽吸品質和煙葉的工業可用性與土壤類型及土壤理化性質密切相關。適宜的土壤酸堿度、有機質和礦質養分含量是煙草優質適產的基礎。一般認為烤煙最適宜在弱酸性土壤上生長,生產優質烤煙的土壤 pH 以5.5~6.5為宜,美國等優質烤煙生產國均選擇在土壤 pH 5.8~6.3 的地區種植烤煙[1-2]。土壤有機質含量是土壤肥力的重要指標之一,反映了土壤的熟化程度和土壤的供肥能力,同時也能改善土壤的物理性質和影響土壤微生物環境[3]。氮素是影響烤煙產量和品質最重要的元素。氮用量對烤煙的生長發育、煙株的生理生化過程和煙葉的產量、品質都有十分顯著的影響[4]。磷是煙草生長必需的營養元素之一,適宜的磷素供應有利于煙株新陳代謝,促進烤煙成熟,增進煙葉的色澤與香味,進而改善煙葉的內在品質。……