The evolution of the relationship between fairness and efficiency in China

ZHANG Li　JI Xiang-lin

【Abstract】Since the founding of the people's Republic of China， the distribution system in China has experienced several transformations from absolute equalitarianism to "efficiency first， giving consideration to equity" and then sharing Scientific Outlook on Development's achievements. In the period of deepening the reform， the idea of sharing means a new stage of shared development aimed at the goal of common prosperity. It is of great guiding significance for promoting the healthy development of economy and society， building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the Chinese dream.

【Key words】Fairness； Efficiency； Sharing

中圖分類號： F323.8 文獻標識碼： A 文章編號： 2095-2457（2018）06-0186-001

The large income gap is not only directly related to the sustainable development of the economy， but also affects the stability and harmony of the society. Reflecting on the transformation of the distribution system in China， it will probably go through four stages： first， simply emphasize the principle of equality； two， over emphasize the principle of efficiency； three， Scientific Outlook on Development； four， share the concept of fairness. From the reform of the distribution system， the understanding of the relationship between fairness and efficiency has gone through the process from metaphysics to dialectics.

1 Simply emphasize the principle of equality

The new socialist country is very poor and backward before the reform and opening up. We build new China to follow the Soviet model. In order to achieve "common prosperity" of society， our country implements highly centralized planned economy system in economy， and the corresponding distribution system is the principle of equality. In 1956，the state abolished the private ownership of means of production after the transformation of capitalist industry and Commerce in cities， and implemented the average wage system， the pension system and the medical insurance system. From 1956 to 1958， the land collectives were completed in the rural areas， and the equalitarianism system based on per capita distribution of production data was carried out.And the laziness and slack has become a common phenomenon. Such a distribution system did not formed effective incentive mechanism， nor promoted the development of productive forces， which resulted in common poverty， which greatly discouraged people's enthusiasm for participating in the socialist construction and seriously destroyed the productive forces.

2 Over emphasize the principle of efficiency

After the reform and opening up， China implemented the economic system transformation from planned economy to market economy， and formulated the economic policy and the value standard of economic system based on the principle of "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness". In order to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of people， we also put forward "let some people get rich first". During the 30 years of reform and opening up，it has promoted the development of the productive forces， mobilized the productive enthusiasm of most Chinese， improved the living standard of the people and promoted the development of the whole society. This distribution system is also more equitable than before. However， in the process of reform， we have paid much attention to "efficiency first"， ignoring "giving consideration to fairness"， emphasizing economic efficiency blindly. And the growth rate of GDP is the only standard. As a result， the income gap between the rich and the poor is very big. Deng Xiaoping said， "if we lead to polarization， reform will fail."[1]We must deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency， and build a harmonious concept of fairness.

3 Scientific Outlook on Development

With the development of regional imbalance， it can be seen that our well-off society is low， incomplete and unbalanced. Therefore， the CPC central（下轉第183頁）（上接第186頁）committee with comrade hu jintao as general secretary put forward the scientific outlook on development. Its the scientific understanding and rational reintegration of marxism in the view of fair efficiency， with strong pertinence， reality and theoretical guidance.[2] In dealing with the issue of unfair regional development， it proposes a more perfect regional development strategy to revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China and promote the rise of the central region.

4 Share the concept of fairness

Today， China's economy is facing downward trend. The party central committee， with comrade xi jinping as its core， has proposed a new concept of Shared development that "everyone participates， everyone tries their best and everyone enjoys". This is a new understanding of the problem of efficiency and fairness. Therefore， the CPC central committee has put forward the specific requirements of targeted poverty alleviation and accurate poverty alleviation， and implemented the principle of fair distribution in the major strategic goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The government creatively put forward the great strategic concept of "One Belt And One Road" under the condition of insufficient economic development. It is a view of fair efficiency in a higher level and wider field of vision. And it can connect home and abroad， through the East and West， mobilize every element of the economy and society， and activate every link of the development.[3]Such a development concept of "everyone's participation， everyone's efforts and everyone's enjoyment" will participate in the organic integration of fairness and result equity and achieve an organic unity of efficiency and fairness.

In conclusion， to promote the reform of income distribution system under the sharing concept is an upgrade of China's income distribution practice， which is the only way to build a well-off society in an all-round way， and also a long-term and systematic project.

[References]

[1]Deng Xiaoping.Dengs Selected Works volume 3[M].Beijing： People's publishing House， 1993.

[2]Qi Guo Feng. The historical investigation and Prospect of the relationship between fairness and efficiency [J]. Journal of Lanzhou University （SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION）， 2009 （5）：14-16.

[3]Zhou Jian. Shared development： the inevitable logic of correctly dealing with the relationship between fairness and efficiency [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University （SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION）， 2017 （2）： 7-8.