遼寧省25 300名勞動者職業衛生知情權認知情況調查結果分析與強化對策

方立志　寧康

【摘要】 目的：分析2017年遼寧省25 300名勞動者職業衛生知情權具體情況，了解近1年遼寧省勞動者職業衛生知情權特征和規律，探討進一步提高勞動者職業衛生知情權的關鍵措施。方法：對2017年遼寧省國有企業、中外合資企業、民營企業、鄉鎮企業勞動者進行職業衛生知情權問卷調查，以企業經濟性質進行分類，對數據進行整理和統計分析。結果：2017年遼寧省25 300名勞動者中，（1）關于參加崗前培訓、在崗期間培訓，國有企業勞動者知曉率達92.47%，中外合資企業勞動者知曉率達90.56%，民營企業勞動者知曉率達80.36%，鄉鎮企業勞動者知曉率達63.32%；（2）關于職業健康，國有企業、中外合資企業知曉率均達100%，民營企業知曉率達78.29%，鄉鎮企業知曉率達68.23%；（3）關于本崗位職業危害因素種類，國有企業知曉率達56.50%，中外合資企業知曉率達46.50%，民營企業知曉率達36.05%，鄉鎮企業知曉率達36.25%；（4）關于職業病防治法中企業的職責，國有企業知曉率達32.68%，中外合資企業知曉率達30.58%，民營企業知曉率達22.48%，鄉鎮企業知曉率達22.18%；（5）關于勞動合同職業衛生，國有企業知曉率達96.36%，中外合資企業知曉率達93.16%，民營企業知曉率達84.26%，鄉鎮企業知曉率達56.16%；（6）關于建立健康檔案，國有企業知曉率達78.95%，中外合資企業知曉率達70.05%，民營企業知曉率達68.35%，鄉鎮企業知曉率達48.35%；（7）關于個人防護措施，國有企業知曉率達50.06%，中外合資企業知曉率達48.96%，民營企業知曉率達39.36%，鄉鎮企業知曉率達22.36%。結論：企業應真正將保護勞動者的合法權益落到實處。

【關鍵詞】 職業衛生知情權； 認知情況； 強化對策

Investigation Results Analysis and Strengthening Countermeasures of Cognitive Situation of Occupational Health Rights to Be Informed of 25 300 Laborers in Liaoning Province/FANG Lizhi，NING Kang.//Medical Innovation of China，2018，15（06）：072-075

【Abstract】 Objective：To analyze the specific situation of the right to know about the occupational health of 25 300 workers in Liaoning Province in 2017，to understand the characteristics and laws of workers right to know about occupational health in Liaoning Province in the last year，to explore the key measures to further improve the workers right to know about occupational health.Method：In 2017，the workers of state-owned enterprises，sino-foreign joint ventures，private enterprises and township enterprises in Liaoning province were investigated with questionnaires on their right to know about occupational health，the data were sorted out and analyzed statistically according to the economic nature of enterprises.Result：In 2017，of the 25 300 workers in Liaoning Province，（1）regarding pre-job training，training during the post-duty period，the awareness rate of workers in state-owned enterprises was 92.47%，that of workers in sino-foreign joint ventures was 90.56%，that of workers in private enterprises was 80.36%，and that of workers in township enterprises was 63.32%；（2）on occupational health，the awareness rate of state-owned enterprises and sino-foreign joint ventures reached 100%，the awareness rate of private enterprises was 78.29%，and the awareness rate of township enterprises was 68.23%；（3）concerning the types of occupational hazards in this post，the awareness rate of state-owned enterprises was 56.50%，that of sino-foreign joint ventures was 46.50%，that of private enterprises was 36.05%，and that of township enterprises was 36.25%；（4）with regard to the duties of enterprises in the law on the prevention and control of occupational diseases，the awareness rate of state-owned enterprises was 32.68%，that of sino-foreign joint ventures was 30.58%，that of private enterprises was 22.48% and that of township enterprises was 22.18%；（5）in connection with that occupational health of the labor contract，the awareness rates of state-owned enterprises，Sino-foreign joint ventures，private enterprises and township enterprises were 96.36%，93.16%，84.26% and 56.16%，respectively；（6）regarding the establishment of health records，the awareness rate of state-owned enterprises was 78.95%，that of Sino-foreign joint ventures was 70.05%，that of private enterprises was 68.35%，and that of township enterprises was 48.35%；（7）with regard to personal protective measures，the awareness rate of state-owned enterprises reached 50.06%，Sino foreign joint venture enterprise awareness rate was 48.96%，the awareness rate of 39.36% private enterprises，township enterprises awareness rate of 22.36%.Conclusion：Enterprises should truly protect the legitimate rights and interests of laborers.