淺析英語中的時間狀語從句及其常用的連接詞

摘要：時間狀語從句說明主句動作發生或進行的時間。引導時間狀語從句的連接詞較多且用法復雜，掌握常用連接詞的區別及基本用法對英語的學習有很大幫助。

關鍵詞：英語從句；時間狀語；連接詞

一、 連接詞

when， while， as， before， after， since， ever since， till， until， not... until， as soon as，no sooner than，the moment / minute / instant，

immediately / secondly / instantly / directly， hardly / scarcely... when， once， the day / week / year， every / each time， the first（second...last） time，

next time， any time， all the time， from the time， by the time， whenever

二、 應用舉例：

1. when，while和as

如：（1）When the film ended，the people went back.

（2）Please dont talk so loud while others are working.

（3）As I was walking down the street， I came across an old friend of mine.

（4）When / While / As time goes on，its getting warmer and warmer.

when還相當于and then，just / and at that / this time，意思是“就在這時，突然”常見結構有：

（1）Sb. be doing...when...正在做……這時（突然）……

（2）Sb. be about to do...when...正打算做……這時……

（3）Sb. be just going to do...when...正要做……這時……

（4）Sb. be on the point of doing...when...正要做……這時……

（5）Sb. had just done...when...剛做完……這時……

如：（1）We were talking when the teacher came in.

（2）We were about to leave when he came in.

（3）I was just going to go shopping when it began to rain.

（4）He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.

（5）We had just fallen a sleep when the bell rang.

2. before的常見用法：

（1）It was / took...before...表示“過了多久之后才……”，（從句常用一般過去時）；

（2）It wasnt / didnt take...before...表示“沒過多久就……”，（從句常用一般過去時）；

（3）It will be / take...before...表示“要過多久才……”，（從句常用一般現在時）；

（4）It will not be / take...before...表示“用不了多久就會……”，（從句常用一般現在時）；

如：（1）It was a month before he came back.

（2）It wasnt long before he told us the truth.

（3）It will be several years before we meet again.

（4）It will not be two hours before he comes back.

3. after

如：Well arrive after youve left.

4. since和ever since

It is / was / has been...since...表示“自從……已多久了”，從句動詞可以是延續性的，也可以是終止性的，都從狀態或動作結束時算起。

如：（1）It is five months since I arrived in New York.（arrive是終止性動詞，我在紐約已經待了五個月了）

（2）It has been three years since he smoked.（smoke是延續性動詞，他吸煙有三年了）

（3）Ever since we knew each other at school，weve been friends.

ever since作連詞，引導時間狀語從句，主句常用現在完成時或現在完成進行時。

5. till， until和not...until

如：（1）You may stay here till / until the rain stops.endprint

（2）I didnt recognize her until she took off her dark glasses.

（3）Until you told me，I had no idea of it.

（4）It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.

（5）No tuntil you told me did I have any idea of it.

6. as soon as，no sooner than，the moment / minute / instant，immediately / secondly / instantly / directly，hardly / scarcely...when和once

如：（1）I will tell him as soon as I see him.

（2）No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.

（3）The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.

（4）The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

（5）I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

（6）Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

（7）Once she had made up her mind，nothing can change it.

7. the day / week / year，every / each time，the first（second...last）time，next time，any time，all the time，from the time和by the time

如：（1）Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me.

（2）The first time they met，they fell in love with each other.

（3）Next time you come，do remember to bring my book.

（4）By the time you receive this letter，Ill have left the country.

8. whenever

如：Whenever I see him，he is busy with his work.

作者簡介：李潔蕓，甘肅省定西市，甘肅省渭源縣第四高級中學。endprint