英語學(xué)習(xí)中過度依賴字典的影響

苗淑華

對外語學(xué)習(xí)者來說，字典是必不可少的一種工具書。在學(xué)習(xí)的各個階段，學(xué)習(xí)者都經(jīng)常使用到包括紙質(zhì)版和電子版在內(nèi)的各種字典。但實際上，很多學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)過程中都會不知不覺犯一種錯誤，那就是過度依賴字典，而且他們并不覺得自己的這種行為有問題。下面我們就來談?wù)勥@個行為對英語學(xué)習(xí)的影響。

Fluency1

流利度

If you stop and look in your dictionary every time you cant think of a word， you will never get used to speaking fluently without pauses2 and listening to your speaking will be difficult and boring.

如果每次你想不起來某個單詞的時候就停下來查字典，你永遠無法習(xí)慣沒有停頓地流利表達，聽你說英語會比較難受和無聊。

Stop translating

不要翻譯

It is difficult to look for words you dont know in English in a dictionary without using your own language， but it is possible to ask your teacher or another student a word just by explaining what it is， using a gesture or drawing it. If you stop using your own language in the classroom， this will help you learn to communicate and to think in English.

不用自己的母語卻要在字典里查你不認識的英語單詞是比較難的，但你可以通過手勢或畫圖來向老師或其他同學(xué)請教。如果在教室里，你不使用自己的母語會有助于你學(xué)會用英語來交流和思考。

Guessing from context

由上下文來猜測

If you read a whole text without a dictionary， many of the words you didnt understand when you first saw them will become clear from the rest of the story. You will be able to see that they are not important to understand and learn. Learning this skill of guessing from context will improve your listening and reading speed， and your ability to cope with people speaking at natural speed.

如果你閱讀一整篇文章的時候不用字典，很多你第一次碰到的不理解的詞的意思會在故事后面漸漸明晰。你會明白它們其實并不重要，不用去理解和學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)會從上下文猜詞這個技巧可以提高你的聽力和閱讀速度、增強你和正常語速說英語的人交流的能力。

Learning to explain words you dont know

學(xué)會解釋你不認識的單詞

If you do a speaking exercise with no dictionary， you will have to use language like“Its a kind of...”， “It looks like...” and“He is a person who...” that you will need in real life communication all the time， too. When the teacher and other students explain vocabulary to you， you will also hear a good model of this kind of necessary language.

如果你在做口語練習(xí)的時候不用字典，你就不得不用如同“Its a kind of...”，“It looks like...”和“He is a person who...”這樣的在現(xiàn)實生活中交流時也常常需要用到的句子。當老師和其他同學(xué)（用英語）向你解釋詞義時，你也會聽到這類必備用語的好范例。

Listening to what people are saying

聆聽他人話語

If you are using a dictionary while someone is speaking， or even just thinking about when you can use it， you are probably not listening properly. This will mean that you dont understand well and that you seem very rude to the person who is speaking.

如果有人正在說英語的時候你在使用字典，或者在考慮何時用，那你可能就無法好好聽對方說話了。這就意味著你沒法完全理解對方所說的內(nèi)容，而且對說話的人來說，你的行為看起來很無禮。endprint

More speaking and listening

更多聽說練習(xí)

Asking questions about vocabulary and explaining things to other people increases the amount3 of speaking and listening in class， but looking in a dictionary has no useful practice of the four skills.

提出關(guān)于詞匯的問題并向其他人解釋某些事可以增加課堂的聽說練習(xí)量。但是查字典并沒有對（聽、說、讀、寫）四種技巧進行有效的練習(xí)。

Working together

共同學(xué)習(xí)

Students and the teacher helping each other by explaining vocabulary can really help produce a good atmosphere4 in class.

學(xué)生和老師相互幫忙解釋詞匯能真正有助于課堂上形成良好的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍。

Confidence

自信

Students who are nervous often reach for their dictionaries without even knowing what they are looking for， just to make them feel “safe”. If you learn to communicate without using your dictionary at all， this will stop you feeling nervous each time you have to communicate without it in real life.

容易緊張的學(xué)生常常會拿出字典，他們甚至都不知道要查什么，只是為了讓自己感到“安全”。如果你學(xué)會與人交流時完全不用字典，那當你在現(xiàn)實生活中每次沒有字典而又不得不和人交流時，就不會感到緊張了。

Using other reference5 resources6

采用其他參考來源

Rather than reaching for your dictionary automatically7， your teacher might be training you to look at the vocabulary list at the back of the textbook or at your own vocabulary list in your notebook.

比起總是不假思索地想查字典，你的老師可能更多地是一直在訓(xùn)練你去查看課本最后幾頁的詞匯表，或者是你的筆記本里面自己寫的單詞表。

Functional8 language

功能語言

When you ask other people to help you with vocabulary you have to use lots of useful language like“How do you spell it？” and“Can you repeat？” that you will not be able to practice just by looking in your dictionary.

當你請求其他人幫助你解答詞匯問題時，你不得不運用大量常用的句子，例如“How do you spell it？” “Can you repeat？”。這類句子你是無法僅靠查字典來練習(xí)的。

總而言之，作為工具書，字典對我們的語言學(xué)習(xí)有很大的幫助。但是如何正確使用、避免過度依賴它而導(dǎo)致影響到其他的學(xué)習(xí)步驟，是我們需要好好摸索和正確掌握的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和方法。endprint