張良
【摘要】代詞是英語中最捉摸不定的詞類,稍有疏忽,就會誤解其表達的真正含義。尤其是在寫作中,代詞使用不當,就會引起整個句子意思表達的混亂。為矯枉過正,本文擬就代詞在數、性、人稱方面的一致性進行探討。
【關鍵詞】代詞 寫作 一致性
代詞一致是指句中代詞在數、性、人稱等方面彼此保持一致,或者與它所照應的名詞詞組在某些方面保持一致。因此,英語寫作中必須注意代詞在如下幾個方面的一致性:
一、代詞在數方面的一致
代詞在數方面的一致主要體現在不定代詞、關系代詞、疑問代詞等作主語時的主謂一致
1.不定代詞作主語時的主謂一致。
1)everything,anything,something,nothing,everybody,every-one,anybody,anyone,somebody,
someone,nobody,no one等構成的合成代詞及neither,either,each,one,the other,another,little,much等作主語,謂語動詞用單數。例如:
Anyone who wants to come is welcome.
Nobody else has time for such things.
2)both,few,many,several等作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。例如:
Few of my kiends were present at the party
Several of them know the construction of the machine.
3)all,most,some,none等作主語時,如果所指的是復數名詞,謂語動詞用復數。如果所指的是單數名詞或不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數。例如:
All are happy to hear the news.(聽到這個消息,大家都很高興。)
All of the jam has been eaten.(所有的果醬都吃完了。)
Most of the earth is covered with water(地球表面的大部分被水覆蓋)
4)“more than基數詞+復數名詞”作主語,謂語動詞用復數;“more than one”或者“more than one+單數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。例如:
Morethan one hasfound it so.
More than a thousand inhabitants have signed the petition.
2.疑問代詞what,which,who作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數取決于疑問代詞指的是單數或是復數。例如:
Who knows the reason?
Who care aboutthetides?
3.that,which或who做從句的主語時,謂語動詞要與關系代詞的先行詞的人稱和數一致。例如:
There is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.
1 Was the one who was going to London.
二、代詞在性方面的一致
1.當名稱的性無法確定時,陰性與陽性都可使用。
An average student with average intelligence can be a top student if he/she plans his/her time carefully.
中等智力水平的學生只要仔細安排他(她)的時間也能成為優等生。
2.國家、船只等名詞常被看作陰性,因此可以用she,her代替。
China will resolutely carry out her current economic rearm.
中國堅定不移地進行當前的經濟改革。
Titanic Was really a great ship at that time.she was called a ship of dream.
泰坦尼克當時確實是一艘了不起的船,被稱之為“夢之船”。
3.在非正式文體或附加疑問句中,當everyone,somebody,no-body,no one作主語時,代詞用they.也可用he.
Everyone knows what they have to do.dont they?
Everyone knows his job,doesnt he?
4.當everything,anything,something,nothing作主語時,在附加疑問句中,代詞通常用 it.Something should be done,shouldnt it?
Nothing will be damaged during the vocation.wont it
三、代詞在人稱上的一致。
1.代詞在人稱上應與其所在句中的主語保持一致。
The women in the committee expressed their opinions at the con-ference.委員會里的婦女在會議上表達了她們的觀點。
Mr.Roger and I visited BeJjing last year.We stayed there for one month.我和羅杰去年逛了北京,我們在那里逗留了一個
2.在英國英語里,和One照應的代詞是one,ones,oneself,而美國英語里常用he,him,his,himself.例如:
One should wash one。s hair regularly.人應該經常洗頭。One cannot succeed unless he works hard.一個人如果不努力,就不能成功。
3。anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,nobody相對應的、既可以指男性也可以指女性的單數形式的人稱代詞所以在某些場合人稱上,用they,them,their.例如:
Everyone has read the notice,haven。t they每一個人都看了通知了,是嗎?
Nobody objected,did they沒人反對,是吧?
4.“either/neither+復數名詞”作主語時,在正式場合中,人稱代詞用his.,口語中,用their。例如:Neither of them could make up his mind.(正式場合)兩人誰也做不了主。
Neither of them could make up their minds.(口語中)兩人誰也做不了主。
總之,英語寫作中的代詞一致看似簡單,實則相當復雜,這就需要我們在寫作中注意代詞一致的一些特殊情況。這樣才能在行文中寫出符合語法習慣的英語作文。endprint