Turkey’s Vision for 2023 土耳其建國(guó)百年獻(xiàn)禮

⊙By Reva Bhalla ⊙ 翻譯：T Boy

Turkey’s Vision for 2023 土耳其建國(guó)百年獻(xiàn)禮

⊙By Reva Bhalla ⊙ 翻譯：T Boy

說(shuō)起IT孵化園區(qū)、自主研發(fā)的電動(dòng)大客車(chē)、四千多公里的高速公路項(xiàng)目、近萬(wàn)公里的高鐵項(xiàng)目、核電站等，你大概不會(huì)把這些與土耳其聯(lián)系在一起。其實(shí)，土耳其是一個(gè)發(fā)展得不錯(cuò)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，它有持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的汽車(chē)工業(yè)，歐洲最大的家用電子產(chǎn)品與電器制造商就在土耳其。近年來(lái)，土耳其經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)，政府為慶祝建國(guó)百年獻(xiàn)禮而規(guī)劃的多項(xiàng)工程更是其經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的反映。

Turkey has advertised a number of1)incredibly ambitious2)infrastructure projects in the3)lead-up to 2023, the 100th anniversary of the founding of the modern Turkish Republic. This is a symbolic year for Turkey to4)demonstrate its progress over the past century. The government wants to use these projects to not only5)address Turkey’s many infrastructural needs, but also to bring worldwide attention6)emerging market.

Turkey’s economic and population7)expansion and its8)strategic location are9)fueling a10)massive construction11)drive. The most attention-grabbing and perhaps most12)far-fetched project on the list is Canal Istanbul. Around 13613)vessels and 2714)tankers pass through the Turkish straits each day. The purpose behind the canal project is to relieve the heavilycongested Bosporus Straits with a 30-milelong man-made waterway that would slice the already heavily-populated European side of Istanbul into two and connect the Black and Mediterranean Seas. Turkish leaders since Ottoman times have raised this idea of linking the two seas, but economic, political and technical15)constraints always end up16)stifling the plans. The government claims the canal would cost $10 billion and be operational by 2023.

There are other major infrastructural projects that are more17)feasible, but still carry very large price tags. Turkey recently issued a18)tender to an all-Turkish19)consortium for a third airport that would be on par with London’s Heathrow and Paris’ Charles De Gaulle.The estimated cost for the project, so far, is around $29 billion that would be paid over 25 years once the airport is operational.

The Turkish government also has plans for a much-needed third bridge over the Bosporus, an underwater tunnel, a national network of high-speed rail lines, port expansions, nuclear power plants, energy distribution networks, you name it. The government says it will need to raise around$250 billion to finance these projects, but the government does face a challenge in securing the long-term financing to get these projects off the ground, especially on the timeline that it set for itself.

Now, foreigners eyeing this market are looking at the 17th largest economy in the world in GDP with a young and growing population of 73 million. Europe’s economic decline will continue to20)hamper Turkish growth, but the country’s strategic location allows it to21)compensate to an22)extent by reaching into the Middle East, Africa, the23)Caucasus and central Asia.

1) incredibly [?n'kred?bl?] adv. 難以置信地，驚人地

2) infrastructure ['?nfr?str?kt??（r）] n. 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

3) lead-up ['li?d'?p] n. 前奏，前導(dǎo)

4) demonstrate ['dem?nstre?t] n. 證明，說(shuō)明

5) address [?'dres] v. 致力于

6) emerging market 新興市場(chǎng)

7) expansion [?k'sp?n?（?）n] n. 擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張

8) strategic [str?'ti?d??k] adj. 戰(zhàn)略的，戰(zhàn)略性的

9) fuel [fju??l] v. 推動(dòng)，刺激

10) massive ['m?s?v] adj. 巨大的，有力的

11) drive [dra?v] n. 有組織的努力，運(yùn)動(dòng)

12) far-fetched ['fɑ?（r）'fet?d] adj. 牽強(qiáng)的，不自然的

13) vessel ['ves（?）l] n. 船，艦

14) tanker ['t??k?（r）] n. 油輪，油船

15) constraint [k?n'stre?nt] n. 限制

16) sti fl e ['sta?f（?）l] v. 抑止，遏制

17) feasible ['fi?z?b（?）l] adj. 可行的，行得通的

18) tender ['tend?（r）] n. 招標(biāo)

19) consortium [k?n's??r???m] n. 財(cái)團(tuán)，企業(yè)集團(tuán)

20) hamper ['h?mp?（r）] v. 妨礙，阻礙

21) compensate ['k?mpense?t] v. 補(bǔ)償，抵補(bǔ)

22) extent [?k'stent] n. 程度

23) Caucasus ['k??k?s?s] n. 高加索山脈，高加索地區(qū)

…but the government does face a challenge in securing the long-term fi nancing to get these projects off the ground, especially on the timeline that it set for itself

Do是一個(gè)我們?cè)偈煜げ贿^(guò)的動(dòng)詞了，它經(jīng)常以助動(dòng)詞的形式出現(xiàn)在我們面前，如作為疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成部分放在句首，或者作為否定式的構(gòu)成部分，又或者用于倒裝句。而do作為助動(dòng)詞的另一個(gè)用法是出現(xiàn)在肯定句的動(dòng)詞前，起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如文中這句話，動(dòng)詞face前面的does強(qiáng)調(diào)政府確確實(shí)實(shí)面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。不管是現(xiàn)在時(shí)還是過(guò)去時(shí)都可以在動(dòng)詞前用do來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，在口語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞前的do（包括它的變化形式）通常會(huì)重讀，如：I did tell Mom that I won’t be home for dinner.（我確實(shí)跟媽說(shuō)我不回來(lái)吃晚飯了。）

在向當(dāng)代的土耳其共和國(guó)成立一百周年邁進(jìn)之際，土耳其向外宣傳其一系列雄心勃勃的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)項(xiàng)目。對(duì)土耳其來(lái)說(shuō)，2023年是具有象征意義的一年，它將向世界展示其在過(guò)去一百年里取得的進(jìn)步。土耳其政府不僅希望這些基建項(xiàng)目可以滿(mǎn)足國(guó)內(nèi)在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的許多需求，更希望籍此把全世界的目光都吸引到土耳其這個(gè)重要的新興市場(chǎng)。

土耳其經(jīng)濟(jì)與人口的快速增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭，以及其戰(zhàn)略性地理位置推動(dòng)著該國(guó)規(guī)模宏大的建設(shè)浪潮。在這一系列的項(xiàng)目當(dāng)中，最吸引眼球、但又可能最不切實(shí)際的要數(shù)伊斯坦布爾運(yùn)河了。目前，每天約有136艘船只和27艘油輪通過(guò)這個(gè)土耳其海峽，建造運(yùn)河的目的就是要緩解博斯普魯斯海峽早已不堪重負(fù)的航道壓力。該項(xiàng)目將打造一條30英里（約48公里）長(zhǎng)的水上通道，把伊斯坦布爾歐洲一側(cè)的人口密集區(qū)一分為二，把黑海和地中海連接起來(lái)。自?shī)W斯曼帝國(guó)以來(lái)，不同時(shí)期的土耳其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一直都有把黑海和地中海連接起來(lái)的想法，但苦于受經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治及技術(shù)等方面的限制，這一想法一直無(wú)法成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。土耳其政府稱(chēng)，運(yùn)河將耗資100億美元（約654億元），在2023年投入使用。

此外還有其他可行性更高，但也造價(jià)不菲的基建項(xiàng)目。土耳其政府最近向一家土耳其全資財(cái)團(tuán)發(fā)出招標(biāo)書(shū)，準(zhǔn)備興建一座規(guī)模將與倫敦希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)和巴黎戴高樂(lè)機(jī)場(chǎng)旗鼓相當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)場(chǎng)——伊斯坦布爾的第三座機(jī)場(chǎng)。目前，該項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)所需投資大約為290億美元（約1897億元），這筆投資將在機(jī)場(chǎng)投入運(yùn)營(yíng)后的25年內(nèi)還清。

土耳其政府規(guī)劃的其他項(xiàng)目還包括橫跨博斯普魯斯海峽急需的第三座大橋、一條海底隧道、全國(guó)高鐵路網(wǎng)、港口擴(kuò)建工程、核電站、配電網(wǎng)等，不一而足。土耳其政府說(shuō)要為這些項(xiàng)目融資約2500億美元（約16359億元），但要獲得長(zhǎng)期投資并啟動(dòng)落實(shí)這些項(xiàng)目，尤其是按政府制訂的時(shí)間表順利完成，政府確實(shí)面臨嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。

對(duì)土耳其市場(chǎng)有興趣的外國(guó)投資者面對(duì)的是一個(gè)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值在世界排第17位的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，土耳其的人口為7300萬(wàn)，人口構(gòu)成年青化且持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。雖說(shuō)歐洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退會(huì)繼續(xù)影響土耳其的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度，但土耳其連接中東、非洲、高加索地區(qū)和中亞的戰(zhàn)略性地理位置在某種程度上抵消了這些負(fù)面影響。