類固體酸催化劑研究進展

廖 洋, 趙仕林

(1. 四川師范大學(xué) 化學(xué)與材料科學(xué)學(xué)院, 四川 成都 610066; 2. 四川省高校農(nóng)田生態(tài)服務(wù)能力建設(shè)工程中心, 四川 成都 610066)

廖 洋1,2, 趙仕林1,2

(1. 四川師范大學(xué) 化學(xué)與材料科學(xué)學(xué)院, 四川 成都 610066; 2. 四川省高校農(nóng)田生態(tài)服務(wù)能力建設(shè)工程中心, 四川 成都 610066)

固體酸； 制備方法； 改性； 催化性能

1.5模板法

綜上所述，從提高比表面積的凝膠-溶膠法、到制備粒度較小甚至納米級別的水熱合成法和低溫陳化法，再到構(gòu)建介孔結(jié)構(gòu)的模板制備法，這些制備方法各有其優(yōu)缺點，總的來說為了提高固體酸的比表面積，增加活性點位，提高其催化活性.同時，不同制備方法中具體的合成條件也會影響其催化劑最終生成的結(jié)構(gòu)，會對酸強度的大小和酸活性點位的分布產(chǎn)生影響，進而影響到催化劑的催化活性.

2.1引入稀土元素少量稀土元素的加入可以改變催化劑表面的化學(xué)狀態(tài)，有助于形成穩(wěn)定晶型結(jié)構(gòu)，提高催化劑載體的機械強度和熱穩(wěn)定性，改善催化劑的活性和壽命.以稀土摻二氧化鈦[53]為例，少量的稀土摻雜可以造成金屬表面晶體缺陷，使得二氧化鈦金屬表面產(chǎn)生更多催化性能的空穴.但過量時，二氧化鈦的催化能力下降,因為摻雜的量對金屬表面的空間電荷層厚度起到了相反的作用.只有當(dāng)空間電荷層厚度近似入射光進入固體的透入深度時，金屬吸收光子產(chǎn)生的電子-空穴才能分離.

3 結(jié)論

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LIAO Yang1,2, ZHAO Shilin1,2

(1.CollegeofChemistryandMaterialsScience,SichuanNormalUniversity,Chengdu610066,Sichuan; 2.EngineeringCenterfortheDevelopmentofFarmlandEcosystemServiceFunction,SichuanNormalUniversity,Chengdu610066,Sichuan)

solid acid; preparation; modification; catalytic properties

2016-07-08

國家自然科學(xué)基金(21406147和41641010)、四川省科技支撐項目(2016NZ0053)和成都市科技項目(2014-HM01-00204-SF)

廖 洋(1979—),副教授,主要從事環(huán)境材料與污染治理的研究,E-mail:liaoyang_sicnu@163.com

Q949O643.3

A

1001-8395(2017)05-0577-08

10.3969/j.issn.1001-8395.2017.05.002

(編輯 周 俊)