密度與氮鉀肥對(duì)‘東農(nóng)311’光合特性及產(chǎn)量的影響

梁曉麗，魏峭嶸，石 瑛

（東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院，黑龍江 哈爾濱 150030）

密度與氮鉀肥對(duì)‘東農(nóng)311’光合特性及產(chǎn)量的影響

梁曉麗，魏峭嶸，石 瑛*

（東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院，黑龍江 哈爾濱 150030）

以中晚熟鮮食馬鈴薯品種‘東農(nóng)311’為試驗(yàn)材料，研究不同密度和氮鉀肥處理下的光合特性及產(chǎn)量性狀，以便為該品種的豐產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)栽培提供理論依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明，光合特性在不同因素條件下表現(xiàn)不同，氮處理對(duì)SPAD（Soil and plant analyzer development，SPAD）值和凈光合速率的影響極顯著；鉀處理對(duì)SPAD值和氣孔導(dǎo)度的影響顯著；密度處理僅對(duì)SPAD值影響顯著。綜合來(lái)看，SPAD值在施氮量為10 kg/667m2、施鉀量為7.5 kg/667m2、密度為4 200株/667m2時(shí)最大；凈光合速率在施氮量為15 kg/667m2、施鉀量為7.5 kg/667m2、密度為5 000株/667m2時(shí)最大；氣孔導(dǎo)度在施氮量為15kg/667m2、施鉀量為12.5kg/667m2、密度為3400株/667m2時(shí)最大。三個(gè)因素條件中，鉀素對(duì)產(chǎn)量影響顯著，且在施氮量5 kg/667m2、施鉀量12.5 kg/667m2、種植密度為4 200株/667m2時(shí)產(chǎn)量最高，為3 150 kg/667m2；在施氮量15kg/667m2、施鉀量7.5kg/667m2、種植密度為5000株/667m2時(shí)商品薯率最大，為71.29%。

馬鈴薯；氮肥；鉀肥；密度；光合；產(chǎn)量

Abstrraacctt::The late maturing table potato variety'Dongnong 311'was used as the experimental material,and the photosynthetic and yielding characters of different densities,nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications were studied,which will provide the theoretical basis for high yield and high quality cultivation of this variety.Photosynthetic characteristics were different under different factors,and the effects of nitrogen treatment on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development(SPAD)value and net photosynthetic rate were highly significant;the effects of potassium treatment on SPAD value and stomatal conductance were significant;the density treatment only had significant effect on SPAD value.On the whole,the SPAD value was maximal when the amount of nitrogen was 10 kg/667m2,potassium applied was 7.5 kg/667m2,and the density was 4 200 strain/667m2;the net photosynthetic rate was maximal when the amount of nitrogen was 15 kg/667m2,potassium applied was 7.5 kg/667m2,and density was 5 000 hill/667m2;the stomatal conductance was the largest when the amount of nitrogen was 15 kg/667m2,potassium applied was 12.5 kg/667m2,and density was 3 400 hill/667m2.In the three factors,potassium had significant effects on yield,and the yield was the highest when the nitrogen amount was 5 kg/667m2,potassium was 12.5 kg/667m2,and planting density was 4 200 hill/667m2,at which the yield was 3 150 kg/667m2;the marketable tuber percentage was the largest when the nitrogen amount was 15 kg/667m2,potassium was 7.5 kg/667m2,and planting density was 5 000 hill/667m2,which was 71.29%.

Key Worrddss::potato;nitrogen fertilizer;potassium fertilizer;density;photosynthesis;yield

馬鈴薯是世界上廣泛栽培的第四大糧食作物[1]，具有產(chǎn)量高、生育期短、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、分布范圍廣、營(yíng)養(yǎng)全面、經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值高等特點(diǎn)，既可作為糧、菜、飼兼用的作物，又可作為工業(yè)原料而廣泛地應(yīng)用于食品工業(yè)、淀粉工業(yè)、飼料工業(yè)和醫(yī)藥工業(yè)等[2]。馬鈴薯已被聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織（FAO）視為21世紀(jì)保證糧食安全的作物，隨世界人口的增加其重要性日益突出[3]。

氮素是植物重要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)三要素之一，在馬鈴薯生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。缺氮會(huì)導(dǎo)致植株矮小、生長(zhǎng)緩慢、葉色淡綠，葉片又小又薄，分枝數(shù)少，開(kāi)花早，抗逆性差，早疫病發(fā)病重，產(chǎn)量低，干物質(zhì)含量也低于正常植株；……