倪祖玲
在學習賓語從句時,必須注意以下五個方面的問題:
一、注意正確使用引導詞
(1)當賓語從句由陳述句變化而來時,用that來引導從句,其中的that無具體意義,一般可以省略。如:
I hear (that) shes going to give me a call.
Lin Tao thought (that) the TV play was interesting.
(2)當賓語從句由一般疑問句變化而來時,可用if/whether來引導從句,意為“是否”。If/whether一般情況下可以互換。但whether 可以和or not 連用,if 則不能。如:
David asked her if/whether she slept well last night.
I dont know whether it is going to rain tomorrow or not.
(3)當賓語從句由特殊疑問句變化而來時,用連接代詞who/whose/what /which 或連接副詞when/where /why/how 來引導。如:
Do you know where we can stay on the island?
I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning.
二、注意正確使用語序
在含有賓語從句的復合句中,賓語從句都要使用陳述句語序,即:引導詞+主語+謂語+其它,還要注意原來的助動詞或情態動詞要符合相關的時態。如:
When did the train leave ? I want to know.--I want to know when the train left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know ?--Do you if/ whether the shop closes at six every day ?
三、注意正確使用時態
(1)如果主句是一般現在時、一般將來時或祈使句,賓語從句時態不受限制,可以根據實際表達的需要來確定。如:
I hear he is here today ./he was here yesterday ./ he will be here tomorrow.
(2)如果主句是一般過去時,賓語從句應與主句保持一致,即使用過去時態的某種形式。如: He said he was watching TV./ he had swept the floor ./ he would play football after school.
(3)如果賓語從句所敘述的是客觀事實、自然現象、科學真理等時,從句不受主句限制,用一般現在時。如:
Everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour.
The teacher said the moon goes around the earth.
四、注意否定提前
當主句的謂語動詞為think , believe , suppose 等動詞時,且主語為第一人稱,從句的否定提前。此外,這種情況的反意疑問句,其反意疑問部分應由從句決定。如:
I dont believe he is a doctor, is he ?
I dont think they know you , do they ?
五、注意復合結構
在find ,make, think等一些可帶有復合賓語的動詞后,為保持句子平穩,常將實際賓語(主要是that引導的從句)后置,而使形式賓語it.如:
I think it important that we should learn English well.