淺談高中英語含蓄條件句

劉亞琴

摘 要：含蓄條件句是英語學習的難點，列舉了十種含蓄條件句的運用。

關鍵詞：高中英語；含蓄條件句；非限定動詞；介詞短語；定語從句

含蓄條件句隱含在句中，給句意的正確理解增加了難度。務必仔細領悟其特征，解題時才能一目了然。筆者初步探悉英語中的含蓄條件句。

一、非限定動詞表含蓄條件

To chat with him（=If you should chat with him），you would realize he could not hear well.

如果你和他聊天，你會意識到他的聽力不好。

It would be disappointing not to give the old man a help（= if I shouldnt give the old man a help）.

要是我不幫老人，會令人失望的。

She would be foolish not to accept the donation（=if she should not accept the donation）.

如果她不接受捐贈，那太傻了。

二、介詞短語表含蓄條件

通常是否定意義的復合介詞和介詞短語表示含蓄條件。

用with，without，but for，but，in the absence of開頭的短語代替if從句表示隱含的虛擬語氣。

With more money（=If I had more money）， I could help more people in need.

要是有更多的錢，我可以幫助更多需要幫助的人。

But for the help from the community（=If the community had not helped them）， those women wouldnt have been able to set up their shop.

要不是有來自社區的幫助，那些婦女就不能建自己的商店了。

Without your help， we wouldnt have made great progress.

沒有你的幫助，我們不會取得很大的進步。

The sun can be the source of all energy， and in the absence of（=if there were not）the suns heat and light，the earth at night would be freezing too cold for us to live.

太陽是所有能量的來源，如果沒有太陽的光和熱，在夜里，地球上就會很冷不宜居住。

簡單介詞比復雜介詞和短語介詞構成的介詞短語表達的含蓄條件更難理解。

Who but a stupid person（=If a person were stupid）would admire her.

除了傻子，誰會贊美她。

三、otherwise，or，or else等表含蓄條件

I was occupied in business performance yesterday.Otherwise I would have come to attend you.

昨天我忙于商業性的演出，要不然我會來照顧你。

You had better stop cheating in the exam or else！

你考試別作弊，要不然……

Be quick，or youll be late for the meeting.

快點，否則開會遲到。

四、分詞短語表含蓄條件

Failing in the exam next time， what would he do？（=If he failed/were to fail/should fail in the exam next time， what would ...）

如果下次考試失敗，那他怎么辦？

Confronted with difficulties， he would be terrified（=If he were confronted with difficulties， he would...）

面對困難，他感到害怕。

Being a nurse ，I would attend patients as many as possible.（= If I were a nurse， I would...）

如果我是護士，我會盡可能照顧更多的病人。

Seen from the top of the hill， the city would look like a big garden.（=If the city were seen from the top of the hill， the city would…）

從山頂看去，城市像大花園。

五、名詞短語表含蓄條件

A few minutes earlier， and you would have seen the famous singer.（=If you had come a few minutes earlier， you would have ...）

如果你早來幾分鐘，你就能看見著名的歌手了。

六、定語從句表含蓄條件

Anyone who breaks the law（=If anyone broke the law） would be punished.

凡是違反法律的人，都會受到懲罰。

A company which stopped working（= If a company stopped working，it）would go out of business.

一家公司如果停止工作，就會倒閉。

七、獨立主格結構表含蓄條件

Weather permitting （= If weather permitted ），we would pay a visit to you tomorrow.

如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。

Everything taken into account（= If everything had been taken into account），we would have achieved success.

如果一切考慮全面的話，我們就取得成功了。

八、一定上下文表含蓄條件

It is very quiet（= If a pin dropped on the ground）and we could hear a pin drop.

非常安靜，針掉在地上都能聽見。

Anyone on my post（=If anyone had been on my post）would have done the same.

任何人在我的崗位，會做同樣的事。

I would appreciate the help.（省略了If you were kind enough to help take care of my son）

九、祈使句表含蓄條件

Suppose you were to look at the earth from the space， it would seem to be covered with water（=If you were to look at the earth from the space ，it would seem to be covered with water）

如果從太空看地球，地球看起來被水覆蓋著。

十、介詞加動名詞表含蓄條件

On being exposed to the sunlight for a long time（If your skin should be exposed to the sunlight）， your skin would be burnt.

皮膚如果長時間暴露在陽光下會被灼傷。

In doing so（=If she did so）， the teacher might sing high praise for her.

如果這樣做了，老師會高度贊揚她的。

參考文獻：

李榮田.談談英語含蓄條件句[J].中小學英語教學與研究，2014（10）.

編輯 任 壯