學習漢語的訣竅

山東 孫啟祿

1I studied Mandarin 50 years ago.It took me nine months to reach a level where I could translate newspaper editorials from English into Chinese and from Chinese into English,read novels and interpret for people.Now,when I reflect on（思考）what I did,I find that there were five things that helped me learn faster than other students who were studying with me.

2Start out by focusing on listening. Just get used to the sounds.You should read whatever you are listening to, but do so using a phonetic writing system, such as pin?yin,in order to get a better sense of what you are hearing.

3Devote time to memorizing characters.The study of Mandarin,is a long?term project.It will bring you in touch with the language and the culture well. For this reason, I always recommend learning Chinese characters if you are going to learn the language.

4Focus on patterns. Don't get caught up in complicated grammar explanations, and just focus on patterns. When I was studying, I had a wonderful book by Harriet C. Mills and P. S. Ni. It is calledIntermediate Reader in Modern Chinese. In every single lesson,they introduced patterns to me. That's how I got a sense of how the language worked. The patterns were the frames around which I could build whatever I wanted to say.

5Read a lot.I learned faster than my fellow students because I read everything I could get my hands on. I read much more than other students. I am not just talking about special texts for learners,but rather a wide range of material on subjects of interest to me.

6Speak a lot.You will need to practice a lot,both speaking to yourself and speaking to others. Practice imitating what you are listening to. You can also record yourself to com?pare.If you can get“infected”with the rhythm of the language,not only will your con?trol of tones improve,but your choice of words will also become more native like.

一、閱讀自測

1.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?

A.The importance of learning Chinese.

B.The author's ability to use Chinese.

C.The difficulty in learning Chinese.

D.The author's experience in learning Chinese.

2.What does the author think of the study of Chinese?

A.It is helpful in improving mental health.

B.It takes a long time.

C.It is easy for foreigners.

D.It is too complicated to use.

3.How did the author get a sense of how the language worked?

A.By reading widely. B.By focusing on listening.

C.By memorizing characters. D.By concentrating on patterns.

二、語篇解碼

本文是一篇說明文。文章的作者是位語言專家，在文中他介紹了自己學習漢語的秘訣，這些秘訣對我們的語言學習也大有裨益。

三、語言學習

（一）語料薈萃

語篇單詞重要短語tip n.提示；建議 translate vt.翻譯interpret vi.口譯 system n.系統；體系project n.項目 recommend vt.推薦；建議character n.文字；性格 complicated adj.復雜的explanation n.解釋 special adj.特殊的material n.材料 individual adj.單個的practice vt.&vi.練習 imitate vt.模仿record vt.錄音；記錄 compare vi.比較control vt.控制 improve vi.提高choice n.選擇reflect on 回想；反思 focus on專注于get used to 習慣于 in order to 為了devote...to 把……專用于 get caught up in 陷入introduce...to 把……介紹給…… get one's hands on 得到；找到_________________a wide range of 廣泛的

（二）語句分析

1.It took me nine months to reach a level where I could translate newspaper editorials from English into Chinese and from Chinese into English, read novels and interpret for people.我用了九個月的時間就達到這樣的水平：我可以將報紙社論從英文翻譯成中文、從中文翻譯成英文，閱讀小說，為人們口譯。

【點石成金】本句是一個主從復合句。It took me nine months to reach a level 是主句，是“It takes sb+一段時間+to do sth”句式，意為“某人做某事用了多長時間”，where引導的是限制性定語從句，修飾level。

2. You should read whatever you are listening to, but do so using a phonetic writing system, such aspinyin, in order to get a better sense of what you are hearing. 你應該閱讀你正在聽的任何內容，但要使用語音書寫系統，例如拼音，以便更好地理解你所聽到的內容。

【點石成金】本句是一個主從復合句。whatever 引導的是賓語從句，in order to get...hearing作目的狀語。

3.If you can get“infected”with the rhythm of the language,not only will your control of tones improve, but your choice of words will also become more native like. 如果你能被漢語的節奏“感染”，那么你對音調的控制不僅會得到提高，而且對詞匯的選擇也會變得更地道。

【點石成金】本句是一個主從復合句。主句是由not only...but also...連接的并列句，由于not only位于主句句首，句子使用部分倒裝語序；If引導的是條件狀語從句。

四、語言運用

（一）例句仿寫

1.他花了好幾個星期才做好這件禮物。這就是為什么我更珍惜它。

_____________________.That's why I value it more than any other gift.

2.我們都相信他，并且支持他決定做的任何事情。

We all believe in him and support ______________________.

3.我們不僅自己為他們捐款，而且還號召別人為他們捐款。

_____________________,but we also called on others to make contributions to them.

（二）寫作實踐

假定你是李華，你的外國朋友Jack正在學習中文，他給你寫郵件詢問中文中的四字成語。請給Jack回一封郵件，介紹一個中文中的四字成語。注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：四字成語four?word Chinese idiom

Dear Jack,

I admire your passion for the Chinese language and I'm more than happy to give you some help.__________________________________________________________________

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Yours sincerely,

Li Hua