趙 巖,鄭 炫※,陳學庚,牛 琪,紀 超,周敦興
·綜合研究·關鍵技術·
CMJY-1500型農田殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機設計與試驗
趙 巖1,鄭 炫1※,陳學庚1,牛 琪2,紀 超1,周敦興3
(1. 新疆農墾科學院機械裝備研究所,石河子 832000;2. 中國農業大學工學院,北京 100083;3. 新疆科神農業裝備科技開發股份有限公司,石河子 832000)
為降低殘膜儲運成本,提高機收殘膜回收利用率,研究設計了CMJY-1500型農田殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機。機具主要由撿拾機構、脫膜機構、打包機構、傳動系統、地輪、機架等組成,可同時完成集條殘膜的自動撿拾、雜質分離與打包成型作業。根據撿拾機構結構特征與作業原理,建立撿拾機構與物料對象動力學模型,分析獲得了核心彈齒最佳空間排布形式與優選安裝傾角45°。為降低殘膜物料土壤摻雜量,基于殘膜與雜質尺寸密度及纏繞特性差異,開發了離心分離與振動分離相結合的多級膜土分離系統,提高了撿拾物料壓縮比,減小打包作業壓縮阻力。設計了液壓驅動式電控打包機構,殘膜經打包機構壓縮成型,以方包形式卸料,利于裝載運輸。2015年10月于兵團第六師共青團農場,對殘膜撿拾打包機進行了40 hm2實地田間作業性能測試,試驗結果表明:機具殘膜撿拾凈率達92.8%,打包成捆率高于94%,單包成型耗時58 s,殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機作業效果良好的、系統穩定,具有較高的應用推廣價值。
農業機械;設計;試驗;殘膜;撿拾;清理;打包;聯合作業
地膜覆蓋技術因其良好的增產保墑效果被廣泛應用于中國糧食、經濟作物的種植作業中,現全國覆膜種植面積已達2 000萬hm2。在常年覆膜種植的地區,農田土壤中殘膜累積量逐年遞增,其帶來的白色污染已嚴重影響到作物正常生長,對農業生產的可持續發展構成了極大威脅[1-6]。針對該問題,一是人工撿拾較大片的地表殘膜,但效率低、強度大、成本高;二是機械回收。國內研發的殘膜回收機械類型諸多,主要有勾耙式、彈齒式、伸縮桿齒式、鏟式、卷收式等[7-11]。其中,勾耙式殘膜回收機能夠實現殘膜聚攏,但不能在回收過程中清理殘茬、土壤等雜質[12-14];彈齒式在脫膜過程中需為收膜彈齒配置用于控制工作位置的曲線軌跡滑道,加工難度較大,撿拾過程會撕裂膜面產生碎膜,纏繞轉動部件[15-19];伸縮桿齒式的撿拾滾筒結構復雜,造價偏高[20-25];鏟式起茬收膜部件對土壤的性能有一定要求,且所收殘膜與作物根茬混合難分,膜土分離效果較差,給殘膜的再生利用帶來困難[26-28];苗期回收方式不適宜回收厚度小于0.008 mm的農田殘膜[29-32];鏈耙式殘膜回收部件作業效果較好,但工作效率低、故障率高,整機可靠性難以保證[33-37]。上述機具主要以回收殘膜作業為主,功能較為單一。為提高農田耕作效率,開發可同時完成收膜、秸稈還田等多種功能的聯合作業機逐漸成為殘膜回收機具研究的新趨勢[38-41]。不論單一作業抑或聯合作業,經機械回收后的殘膜多以集條或集堆形式置于田間,后續被焚燒或掩埋處理,不僅污染大氣環境,而且破壞土壤生態。隨著人們對生態環境的日益重視,對回收殘膜進行再利用必將成為一種趨勢[42]。
目前以新疆生產建設兵團(以下簡稱兵團)為代表的新疆棉區普遍采用立桿摟膜機進行秋后回殘膜回收。在進行立桿摟膜作業前,先用秸稈粉碎還田機沿垂直于棉行方向,間隔50 m開出寬3 m的行道,作為卸膜處和殘膜轉運通道。該方法作業效率高、產生粉塵少,但回收后的殘膜質地松散,占用空間大,易受大風天氣影響,人工轉運勞動強度大,不利于殘膜的回收再利用。為解決該問題,研制了CMJY-1500型農田殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機,可同時完成殘膜撿拾、清理與壓縮打包作業,不僅利于回收殘膜的即時儲運,并且為開展回收殘膜的集中處理與再利用提供有效的裝備支撐,故具有很好的應用前景。
1.1 整機結構
CMJY-1500型農田殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機主要由撿拾機構、脫膜機構、打包機構、傳動系統、地輪和機架等組成,如圖1所示。其中,撿拾機構包括彈齒、彈齒固定機構和脫膜滾筒,彈齒固定機構與脫膜滾筒為偏心配置,彈齒脫膜滾筒下部偏前進方向伸出長度達到最大。脫膜機構由脫膜輥筒、刮板、外罩組成,打包機構包括3個液壓油缸、液壓系統、控制系統、打包箱體。

圖1 整機結構示意圖Fig.1 Structural diagram of whole machine
1.2 工作原理
機具作業由拖拉機牽引連接機架的牽引架行進,旋轉的齒釘輥將混有土壤、秸稈和殘膜的物料拋起,撿拾機構將殘膜鉤起,向上輸送至脫膜輥筒下部,彈齒縮進脫膜滾筒內,小脫膜輥與大脫膜輥將輸送的殘膜撥送至后部的打包機構的打包箱體內,待殘膜儲存到一定量的時候,啟動液壓油缸控制系統進行壓縮,最后在油缸推力作用下推出,掉落到地面。整機動力由拖拉機后動力輸出軸通過萬向節傳輸給動力輸入軸,傳動給整機撿拾機構、脫膜機構和液壓系統。
1.3 主要技術指標
本機具用于采用摟膜作業機具摟膜集條后的農田殘膜,一次作業可以實現撿拾、壓縮和打包聯合作業。其主要技術參數如表1所示。

表1 主要技術指標Table1 Main technical parameters
2.1 撿拾機構
2.1.1 撿拾機構主要結構
直齒型彈齒滾筒機構在殘膜回收機中得到了較普遍的應用[43]。如圖2所示,撿拾機構主要由脫膜滾筒、定位圓盤、方鋼、固定卡和彈齒等部件組成。彈齒安裝在彈齒固定機構上,脫膜滾筒均布長條孔。作業時,動力由皮帶輪帶動彈齒隨彈齒固定機構轉動,彈齒固定機構通過連桿機構帶動脫膜滾筒轉動。通過上下調整拖拉機下懸掛臂調節撿拾彈齒與地面間的距離大小。
彈齒固定機構與脫膜滾筒為偏心配置,彈齒設置方向為圓周方向,每組彈齒沿軸向直線均布呈發散狀排列,在滾筒上的長條孔內伸縮,在脫膜滾筒下部伸出,在上部縮進其內部,實現殘膜撿拾、輸送和脫膜的作業過程。設計的彈齒安裝有一定傾角,利于彈齒在運動過程中順利將地面殘膜挑起。

圖2 撿拾裝置示意圖Fig.2 Diagram of collecting device
彈齒是材料為65 Mn的圓鋼,直徑為12 mm,長度為308 mm,頂部處理成45°斜平面,固定端設計有螺紋,通過自鎖螺母安裝固定在鉆孔方鋼上。方鋼邊長30 mm,鉆有為直徑為15 mm的通孔,中心距為110 mm,每4個方鋼一組,分別有11個和12個安裝孔。方鋼由定位卡固定在定位圓盤上,定位圓盤直徑為660 mm,圓周方向均布焊接有8個安裝卡槽,通過螺栓與定位卡配合將方鋼安裝定位。彈齒傾斜角度由定位圓盤上的安裝卡槽的焊接角度確定。4組有11個安裝孔的方鋼一端設計有軸頭,通過連桿與滾筒法蘭連接。脫膜滾筒壁設計有長條孔,彈齒穿過長條孔。固定盤與滾筒法蘭安裝到位后呈偏心配置,偏心距為75 mm。
2.1.2 撿拾機構運動分析
如圖3中所示,固定盤和脫膜滾筒簡化圓O1和O2的連心線與彈齒尖運動軌跡圓交于D點和M點。分析可知,彈齒在M點伸出距離最長,在D點伸出距離最短。在轉動過程中,在偏心裝配的作用下,彈齒在脫膜滾筒上的長條孔內產生相對運動。沿轉動方向,由D點到B點過程中,彈齒逐漸伸長,A點距離地面理論距離
200 mm,彈齒開始接觸并鉤掛物料,在脫膜滾筒下部B點處彈齒伸出長度最大。由B點向D點運動過程中,彈齒鉤掛物料沿脫膜滾筒壁向上輸送,彈齒伸出長度逐漸變小,從C點開始完全縮進滾筒內部。圓心角BO2M對應的弧為的彈齒與脫膜滾筒接觸的軌跡,該弧長為75 mm,為避免作業過程中彈齒與脫膜滾筒壁發生剮蹭,滾筒壁上所開長條孔長度應大于該弧長,寬度應大于彈齒直徑。考慮到彈齒安裝間隙、作業中受力變形等因素,設計長條孔寬25 mm,長300 mm。
分析可知,當O1和O2的偏心坐標以及彈齒安裝位置點O確定時,安裝傾角θ越大,BO2與水平線的夾角δ和彈齒尖軌跡圓O2半徑就越小,根據經驗,θ應滿足0°≤θ≤90°。分析可知,彈齒上B點物料的運動可為沿機具前進速度V0、沿彈齒運動的速度V和繞O2圓周方向轉動等3個運動疊加的復合運動。如圖3所示,以O2為原點建立平面直角坐標系,分析彈齒與脫膜滾筒壁相交處的物料由B點到C點的運動過程。V1為彈齒上B點物料繞O2作勻速圓周運動瞬時線速度,方向與O2B垂直。若以機架為參考,物料在繞O2點做圓周運動的同時,在脫膜滾筒壁的作用下,由B點運動到彈齒尖M點運動。彈齒由B點轉到C點的同時,物料沿彈齒由B點移動到M點,二者運動時間相等:


圖3 撿拾機構運動分析Fig.3 Dynamic analysis of collecting mechanism
已知撿拾機構轉速為60 r/s,可知脫膜滾筒轉動角速度ω為6.28 rad/s。用作圖法測定∠BO1C為154°,線段BM長度為165 mm。將數據代入式(1),計算得出物料沿彈齒運動時間為0.43 s,速度V為0.38 m/s。這說明,在撿拾機構轉動過程中,彈齒縮進脫膜滾筒壁,該機構的設計具有將彈齒上的物料脫下的功能。
若以機架為參考系,則彈齒尖處M點物料運動軌跡為圖中虛線圓。以O2為原點建立直角坐標系,t為機具作業時間,s,建立M點物料的坐標方程為:

上式中,已知O2M設計長度為475 mm,ω為6.28 rad/s測定δ為62°,對應弧度為1.08 rad代入(2)、(3),得到如下方程:

已知機具前進速度V0為0.18 m/s,則B點相對于地面的運動軌跡方程為:

利用Matlab軟件繪制彈齒尖部M點物料5 s內運動軌跡,結果如圖4。

圖4 彈齒尖運動軌跡Fig.4 Movement track of spring tooth tip
彈齒尖運動軌跡坐標系中,x為運動軌跡橫坐標,y為運動軌跡縱坐標。仿真結果表明,彈齒尖運動軌跡為余擺線,彈齒尖軌跡最低點間距為180 mm。撿拾機構設計為圓周均布2種4組彈齒,說明在實際作業過程中,在180 mm范圍內彈齒可以完成撿拾殘膜作業4次,能夠保證較高的拾凈率。
2.1.3 彈齒上物料受力分析
如圖所示,以彈齒尖M點為原點,在垂面上沿水平豎直方向建立直角坐標系,在撿拾機構作業過程中,彈齒尖點G處的物料受力情況如圖5所示。

圖5 物料受力分析圖Fig.5 Force diagram of materials
物料隨彈齒運動條件為:

式中F為物料所受摩擦力,N;FV為物料所受離心力,N。
其中,離心力FV由下式計算:

式中?為滾筒角速度,rad/s;m為物料質量,kg;r為物料運動軌跡圓半徑,m。
摩擦力F由下式計算:

式中G為物料所受重力,N;μ為物料在彈齒的摩擦系數;N為物料所受彈齒支反力,N。
物料所受支反力N可由下式計算:

式中β為彈齒與垂線的夾角,(°)。
分析可知,在同等條件下,當α一定時,彈齒安裝傾角θ與β正相關,θ越大,物料所受摩擦力F越大。但過大會影響從脫膜滾筒長條孔的伸縮通過性能,過小會影響彈齒挑膜的效果。田間試驗證明,當θ大于55°時,物料在輸送出現彈齒勾扯殘膜從滾筒長條孔進入滾筒內部的現象,物料中土壤和秸稈比例增加,脫膜效果明顯下降,出現卡滯現象,甚至導致彈齒或長條孔周邊滾筒外壁變形;當θ小于30°時,彈齒的撿拾功能降低,地膜殘膜殘留量增加,拾凈率降至70%以下。綜合考慮,取彈齒安裝傾角θ=45°。
2.2 多級膜土分離機構
摟膜耙集條后的物料中混有約占總質量40%的土壤,影響撿拾打包作業,給后期殘膜處理和加工帶來困難。為此,研究設計多級膜土分離機構。如圖6所示,膜土分離系統由齒釘輥、撿拾機構、小脫膜輥、大脫膜輥和外罩構成。

圖6 膜土分離系統Fig.6 Separating system of plastic film and soil
機具作業時,高速逆時針旋轉的齒釘輥將物料撿拾、拋起,在離心力作用下,殘膜和土壤實現一次分離;撿拾滾筒逆時針旋轉,撿拾彈齒將殘膜撿拾勾扯住沿滾筒壁輸送,泥土在機具運轉產生振動和自身重力作用下掉落,實現膜土第2次分離;脫膜滾筒順時針旋轉,將輸送到滾筒上部的物料沿外罩內壁向上輸送,脫膜機構的外罩輪廓線采用漸開線設計,脫膜輥轉動過程中,在離心力的作用下,殘膜中含有的的泥土雜質和其他大密度顆粒脫離,甩出通孔或撞到外罩內壁掉落,實現膜土第3次分離。撿拾彈齒軌跡圓直徑為1 090 mm,撿拾滾筒外壁直徑為1 000 mm。齒釘輥軌跡圓直徑為400 mm,與撿拾彈齒軌跡圓的圓心距為1 300 mm。
脫膜滾筒的半徑越大,物料輸送距離越長,在機具作業過程中,部件運轉和地表高低起伏變化等作用會產生振動,由于密度的差異,在重力作用下實現撿拾殘膜中夾雜的塵土、石塊等物料的清理,減少雜質含量,提高撿拾物料壓縮比,減少打包作業的壓縮阻力。但如果直徑太大將會影響整機部件的布局,造成動力損耗增加。綜合分析機具結構空間布局和動力匹配的合理性,通過試驗驗證,設計撿拾機構轉速為60 r/min,齒釘輥轉速為90 r/min。
大脫膜輥設有多個刮板,刮板運動軌跡圓與撿拾機構的脫膜滾筒外壁圓連心線約等于兩圓半徑之和,作業時刮板與脫膜滾筒接觸,能將脫膜滾筒外壁上撿拾的殘膜順利剝脫,隨后輸送到后部打包機構喂料口。大脫膜輥設計轉速為300 r/min,運動軌跡圓直徑為650 mm。小脫膜輥設計轉速為900 r/min,軌跡圓直徑為120 mm。弧形外罩輪廓線為漸開線設計,向后方向為敞口,后壁均布直徑為20 mm的通孔,殘膜中含的塵土雜質可以從中甩出。
2.3 打包機構
打包機構位于脫膜機構的后方,其結構包含進料口、側壓油缸、上壓液壓油缸、推包油缸,預緊油缸等部分組成,在打包箱體上方設有進料口,后部設有出料口。通過PLC程序控制電磁閥的開關狀態,控制3個液壓油缸依次作業。打包作業的控制模式有自動、半自動和手動3種。自動模式下,打包程序不間斷循環作業;半自動模式下,觸發1次開關完成1個作業循環;手動模式下,點觸開關控制3個油缸進退。

圖7 打包機構結構圖Fig.7 Structural diagram of balling mechanism
打包作業時,殘膜由進料口進入打包箱體,側壓油缸首先啟動,將打包箱體內殘膜壓縮至近出料口一端,壓縮到位后觸發行程開關,上壓油缸啟動,將打包箱體內壓縮后殘膜向箱底方向壓縮,二次壓縮到位后觸動行程開關,推包油缸啟動,將二次壓縮后的殘膜由殘膜包出口推出,完成打包作業。推包油缸到位后,觸發行程開關,推包油缸、上壓油缸和側壓油缸依次退回,退到位后觸發行程開關,停止運行,完成打包作業的一個循環。
打包作業單次循環時間為58 s,通過系統設置,2次作業間隔時間在0~300 s范圍內可調。箱體內物料的質量與間隔時間成正比關系。通過田間試驗測試,循環間隔時間設定為9 s時,殘膜撿拾較為干凈,打包作業過程順暢,打包成型后膜包松緊度適中且不會散開。

圖8 打包機構液壓控制系統Fig.8 Hydraulic control system of balling mechanism
3.1 田間準備
2015年4月在新疆瑪納斯縣六戶地進行了春播前棉田殘膜撿拾打包試驗,試驗面積為10 hm2。2015年10月,在兵團第六師共青團進行秋收后田間試驗,試驗面積40 hm2。試驗田前茬種植作物為棉花,滴灌管帶和滴灌設備已清理,栽培模式行距為寬窄行配置(660 mm+ 100 mm),棉桿高度750~850 mm,株距95 mm。
秸稈粉碎還田機沿垂直棉行方向,開出一條3 m寬卸膜道,相鄰卸膜道間距50 m。利用立桿式殘膜回收機順棉行方向摟膜,將摟好的殘膜以集條形式卸于卸膜道內(圖9a),集條寬度標準為1 500 mm,供殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機進行作業試驗。

圖9 田間試驗Fig.9 Field experiment
3.2 結果與分析
試驗機具在拖拉機牽引下沿卸膜道行走,同時完成殘膜撿拾、打捆出包等動作。行走速度為3.7 km/h,作業幅寬1 500 mm,撿拾物料寬度1 300~1 800 mm,物料主要成分為土壤、秸稈和殘膜,鋪放厚度50~150 mm,單次連續行走距離85 m。
試驗證明,機具各部件運轉良好,動作執行順暢,殘膜撿拾干凈、殘余量少(圖9b),成型方包緊實、不易松散,且能夠長時間保持固定形狀(圖9c),單次打包作業循環平均耗時58 s。
3.2.1 拾凈率
參考《GB/T 25412-2010 殘地膜回收機》,制定試驗測試方案。機具在長度不小于50 m的作業區內往返測試10個行程,每個行程內隨機選取2段長度為10 m的試驗區進行試驗樣本采集,5次重復試驗。殘膜取樣清洗晾干后稱質量,儀器為JAS5003A電子精密天平秤(精度0.000 1 g),各參數取平均值。
殘膜拾凈率計算公式如下:

式中C為殘膜拾凈率,%;W為機具回收殘膜質量,g;W0為地表地膜總質量,g。試驗結果表2所示。

表2 殘膜撿拾試驗結果Table2 Result of collecting plastic film residue
測試結果表明,機具具有較好的撿拾效果,地表集條殘膜撿拾率約為92.8%。產生殘膜撿拾遺漏的主要原因,一是撿拾彈齒設計間距略寬,部分長度小于60 mm的殘膜在隨彈齒提升過程中從彈齒縫隙中掉落;二是拖拉機行走路線偏出鋪放中心線,導致某一側邊100~200 mm范圍內殘膜漏撿。
3.2.2 成捆率
參考《GBT14290-1993 圓草捆打捆機試驗方法》試驗標準,選擇機具持續作業面積不低于5 hm2的測試區5個,每個測試區選取連續卸料的10個殘膜包作為檢測對象,計算數據采用各測試區測試值的總和[23]。
成捆率計算公式如下:

式中D為成捆率,%;M為成型包總數;M0為打包總數。
試驗結果表明,整機運轉過程中未出現打捆系統卡滯現象,成型方包緊實、不易松散,所收成捆率達94%,表3所示。造成殘膜未能打包成捆的原因主要有:一是部分地段集條殘膜量少,導致喂入量不足,成型方包密度不達標;二是所摻塵土等雜質過多,降低殘膜壓縮后的相互吸附力,使成型方包易松散。試驗中還發現:長度大于50 mm的殘膜打捆成形的效果較差;摻雜有適量長度小于50 mm的秸稈時,成形的物料捆緊實度較大,且形狀保持時間較長。

表3 殘膜打包試驗結果Table3 Result of balling plastic film residue
3.3 田間使用情況
CMJY-1500型農田殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機進行了生產試驗,2014年10月在兵團第八師145團7連和149團7連,兵團第七師130團6連,2015年4月和10月,在兵團第八師145團北泉鎮農場,第六師共青團農場等地,累計作業面積約為150 hm2。田間生產實踐表明,研制的CMJY-1 500型農田殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機可以實現撿拾和打包功能,將農田殘膜撿拾作業與打包作業相結合的農藝措施可行,可以提升殘膜回收作業效率,能有效壓縮殘膜存儲體積,便于田間轉運,減少污染。
1)從便于回收殘膜再利用的角度出發,將殘膜回收與打包技術結合,研制了CMJY-1 500型農田殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機。能夠一次完成摟后集條殘膜的撿拾、清理、打包作業。
2)在偏心彈齒式殘膜撿拾滾筒轉動作業過程中,殘膜被彈齒挑起,在離心力作用下實現膜土分離,經脫膜輥剝離后送入打包箱體。通過殘膜撿拾清理機構作業,殘膜拾凈率達92.8%。
3)殘膜打包機構通過液壓油缸驅動,可實現自動行程控制,殘膜進入打包箱體后,被壓縮成型并以方捆形式卸料,單包成型僅耗時58 s,成捆率可達94%。
殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機田間試驗證明,機具各部件運轉良好,動作執行順暢,殘膜撿拾干凈、殘余量少,成型方包外形規整,物料包緊實不易松散,成捆質量滿足設計要求。
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Design and test of CMJY-1500 type plastic film residue collecting and balling machine
Zhao Yan1, Zheng Xuan1※, Chen Xuegeng1, Niu Qi2, Ji Chao1, Zhou Dunxing3
(1. Mechanical Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture And Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China; 2. College of Mechanical Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing, 100083, China; 3. Xinjiang KeShen Agriculture Equipment Technology Development Co., Ltd, Shihezi, 832000, China)
Plastic film cultivation technology has been used around the world, and it is widely recognized that plastic film cultivation technology can make a valuable contribution to agriculture. Under the principle of maximizing the interests of farmers and factories, plastic film mulch used in field is too thin to be collected completely. Year after year, more and more residual plastic film has been left in the field, which damages the physical and chemical structure of soil and even causes farmland to become uncultivable. Lots of residual plastic film collectors have been designed to address “how to collect” in recent years, however, the problem of “after collecting” is often overlooked. Usually, collected residual film is separated and gathered by manual work, and transported by the simplest container pulled by tractors. It would be buried or burned somewhere. If accumulated residual film is not well handled, it will cause new environmental pollution. So far, there is little study on the transfer facility of collected residual plastic film. In order to reduce the storage and transportation cost, and increase the recovery utilization rate of plastic film collected by machine, the CMJY-1500 type combine machine was developed. It has a mechanical structure composed of film collecting device, film removing device, film balling device, driving system, ground wheel, frame, and so on. According to the structural characteristics and main working principle of the film collection mechanism, the dynamic models of collecting device and film object were established. After model analysis, the optimal space aligning was confined and the best installation inclination was set as 45°. With the aim to reduce the content of soil doping of residual membrane material, based on the difference of density, size and twisting characteristic between the residual plastic film and the impurity, multi-stage membrane separation system with the combination of centrifugal and vibration separation was developed. This system consists of toothed roller, film collection mechanism, film removal rollers, and cover whose contour line adopts an involute design, and it can increase the compression ratio of collecting material and reduce the packaging compression resistance. The hydraulic drive type electronic packaging mechanism was designed, and therefore the plastic film was compressed as square package to upload by 3 sets of cylinders, which was beneficial to load and transport. The field performance test of this plastic film residue baller was carried out in the Gongqingtuan Farm of Xinjiang Corps in October, 2015, and the test area was about 40 hm2. The results showed that the residual film collection rate was 92.8%, the successful rate of packaging was higher than 94%, and the average cycle time of single packing operation was 58 s. The operation effect is good and the system is stable, and this plastic film residue baller has the high application promotion value. This research result has both economic and social benefit.
agricultural machinery; design; experiments; plastic films; collection; cleaning; balling; combined operation
10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.001
S223.5
A
1002-6819(2017)-05-0001-09
趙 巖,鄭 炫,陳學庚,牛 琪,紀 超,周敦興. CMJY-1500型農田殘膜撿拾打包聯合作業機設計與試驗[J]. 農業工程學報,2017,33(5):1-9.
10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.001 http://www.tcsae.org
Zhao Yan, Zheng Xuan, Chen Xuegeng, Niu Qi, Ji Chao, Zhou Dunxing. Design and test of CMJY-1500 type plastic film residue collecting and balling machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2017, 33(5): 1-9. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.001 http://www.tcsae.org
2016-10-30
2017-02-13
公益性行業(農業)科研專項(201503105);國家自然科學基金資助項目(31560336);中國博士后科學基金資助項目(2015M572666XB);兵團重點領域創新團隊(2015BD002)
趙 巖,男,河南永城人,副研究員,主要從事農業機械化工程研究。石河子 新疆農墾科學院機械裝備研究所,832000。
Email:xjnkkxy_zy@126.com
※通信作者:鄭 炫,女,江蘇徐州人,研究員,主要從事農業機械化工程研究。石河子 新疆農墾科學院機械裝備研究所,832000。
Email:jiazhengxuan@sohu.com