“多變”的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

張育陽

中圖分類號(hào)：G632 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：B 文章編號(hào)：1002-7661（2017）01-162-01

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是由“It + be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+ that +句子的其它成分”構(gòu)成，該句型強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成分。但是在對(duì)該句型進(jìn)行考查時(shí)，往往通過改變其句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及相似句型的區(qū)別來考查學(xué)生對(duì)其掌握的熟練程度以及靈活運(yùn)用該句型的能力，這就使得一部分學(xué)生感到對(duì)該句型掌握困難、運(yùn)用很棘手覺。為了便于同學(xué)們掌握，本文就此問題歸納如下：

一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型變化形式的歸納

1、以一般疑問句的形式出現(xiàn)

例1 Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert？

A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself

【解析】從句子所提供的語境“that I saw last night at the concert”來看，句中缺少賓語，再根據(jù)整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷出該句是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分應(yīng)是句子的賓語。因此應(yīng)選A。

2、以特殊疑問句的形式出現(xiàn)

例2 Why！ I have nothing to confess. ___ you want to say？

A. What is it that B. what it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that

【解析】我們把此句按下列順序解析其結(jié)構(gòu)變化：① 補(bǔ)全所缺成分：It was this book that he bought yesterday. ②對(duì)劃線部分提問 What was it that he bought yesterday？ ，顯然，答案應(yīng)為A。再如：

____ is it ____ has made Tom ____ he is today？

A. What； that： that B. That； that； what C. What； what； that D. What； that； what

通過運(yùn)用以上步驟分析可知，答案應(yīng)為D。

3、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)以名詞性從句的形式出現(xiàn)

例3 I”ve already forgotten ___ you put the dictionary.

A. that it is there B. where was it that C. that where was D. where it was that

【解析】為了更好地理解，正確地做題，我們也可采用以下步驟進(jìn)行分析：①把原句復(fù)原：It was on the shelf that I put the dictionary.②對(duì)劃線部分提問：Where was it that you put the dictionary？③將其用于賓語從句中，注意此時(shí)的語序應(yīng)為陳述語序：Ive already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.由此可見，答案應(yīng)為D。

4、與not…until句型相結(jié)合

例4 It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. （07浙江卷） A. was until； when B. was until； that C. wasnt until； when D. wasnt until； that

【解析】當(dāng)要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分（一般是句子的主語、賓語、狀語）時(shí)，通常用“it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其余部分”這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是表示人的意義的名詞時(shí)可以用who或that；但是，無論被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是表示地點(diǎn)、還是表示時(shí)間意義的名詞，都不可以用where或者when。在“not...until..”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句，則必須把not一起提到被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中。該句對(duì)until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，所以要用“It was not until…that+句子其余成分”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。因此答案為D。

二、與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型相似的句型歸納

1、It +be +adj./n. / 過去分詞+that +從句

此句型為主語從句，其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是“that+從句”；句型中的adj./ n. / 過去分詞作表語。

例1 It is our belief ___ improvements in health care will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy.

A. that B. what C. which D. how

【解析】根據(jù)句意“我們堅(jiān)信醫(yī)療保健的改進(jìn)將會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)大繁榮的發(fā)展”可判斷出it是形式主語，真正的主語是that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy。因此答案為A。

2、It + be + 表示一段時(shí)間的名詞+ since +從句

此句型表示“自……以來”，當(dāng)since從句用過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用is；如果從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，主句則用was。此外，當(dāng)從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“自該動(dòng)作發(fā)生以來到現(xiàn)在”；如果是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則表示“自該動(dòng)作結(jié)束以來到現(xiàn)在”。

例2 That was really a splendid evening. Its years ___ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

【解析】“It is/ was + 一段時(shí)間”后接時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，常常用since引導(dǎo)。如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“有很長時(shí)間沒那么做了”。這個(gè)句子的意思是“我多年沒有那么高興了。”如果謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)行動(dòng)詞，表示“從那時(shí)開始，到目前為止有多長時(shí)間了”。例如：It is five years since I began to learn English.我學(xué)了五年英語。此題答案為D。

3、It + be +表示一段時(shí)間的名詞+ before +從句

在此句型中，before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意思是“在……之前”。如果主句是肯定形式，整個(gè)句子意思是“過……時(shí)間才會(huì)……”；如果主句是否定形式，則整個(gè)句意為“不到……時(shí)間就會(huì)……”。

例3 Scientists say it may be five or six years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A. when B. until C. since D. before

【解析】根據(jù)從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)“it is…”以及句意“科學(xué)家們說要過五、六年時(shí)間才能用于病人身上檢驗(yàn)這種藥”。故此題答案為D。再如：It wasnt long before the news got around.（不久這個(gè)消息就傳開了）

鞏固練習(xí)：

1. It was not until she got home ___ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when B. that C. where D. before

2. It is not who is right but what is right ____ is of importance. （07重慶卷）

A. which B. it C. that D. this

3. ---- Where did you get to know her？ （07山東卷）

----It was on the farm _____ we worked.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

4. I have always been honest and straightforward， and it doesnt matter ___ Im talking to.

A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom

5. ---- Did Jack come back early last night？

---- Yes. It was not yet eight oclock ___ he arrived home.

A. before B. when C. that D. until

Keys： 1 ～ 5 BCDBB