世界經(jīng)濟(jì)主要指標(biāo)

國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局國(guó)際統(tǒng)計(jì)信息中心

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·國(guó)際統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)·

世界經(jīng)濟(jì)主要指標(biāo)

國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局國(guó)際統(tǒng)計(jì)信息中心

一、世界經(jīng)濟(jì)

表1 世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率(上年=100) 單位：%

注：(1)國(guó)際貨幣基金組織公布的世界及分類數(shù)據(jù)按照購(gòu)買力平價(jià)方法進(jìn)行匯總，世界銀行和英國(guó)共識(shí)公司按匯率法進(jìn)行匯總。 (2)印度數(shù)據(jù)指財(cái)政年度。(3)各經(jīng)濟(jì)體2015年數(shù)據(jù)已據(jù)其官方發(fā)布結(jié)果做了調(diào)整。

表2 世界貿(mào)易量增長(zhǎng)率(上年=100) 單位：%

注: 包括貨物和服務(wù),為出口量增速和進(jìn)口量增速的簡(jiǎn)單平均數(shù)。

資料來源: 國(guó)際貨幣基金組織2017年1月預(yù)測(cè)。

表3 消費(fèi)者價(jià)格漲跌率(上年=100) 單位：%

注: (1)印度來源于英國(guó)共識(shí)公司的數(shù)據(jù)指財(cái)政年度。(2)各經(jīng)濟(jì)體2015年數(shù)據(jù)已據(jù)其官方發(fā)布結(jié)果做了調(diào)整。

表4 消費(fèi)者價(jià)格同比上漲率 單位：%

資料來源：世界銀行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

表5 工業(yè)生產(chǎn)

注：(1)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)指數(shù)同比增長(zhǎng)率為經(jīng)季節(jié)調(diào)整的數(shù)據(jù)。(2)采購(gòu)經(jīng)理人指數(shù)超過50預(yù)示著經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張期。

資料來源：世界銀行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、美國(guó)供應(yīng)管理協(xié)會(huì)。

二、美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)

表6 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(環(huán)比) 單位：%

表7 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(環(huán)比) 單位：%

注：季度數(shù)據(jù)按季節(jié)因素調(diào)整、折年率計(jì)算(表6、表7)。

資料來源：美國(guó)商務(wù)部經(jīng)濟(jì)分析局(表6、表7)。

表8 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(同比) 單位：%

表9 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(同比) 單位：%

注：季度數(shù)據(jù)按季節(jié)因素調(diào)整(表8、表9)。

資料來源：美國(guó)商務(wù)部經(jīng)濟(jì)分析局(表8、表9)。

表10 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng) 單位：%

注:除年度數(shù)據(jù)以外，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)率為該月份所在季度的增長(zhǎng)率。

資料來源：美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局。

表11 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 單位：億美元

注:包括貨物和服務(wù)貿(mào)易。因季節(jié)調(diào)整，各月合計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不等于全年總計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。

資料來源：美國(guó)商務(wù)部普查局。

表12 外國(guó)直接投資 單位：億美元

資料來源：美國(guó)商務(wù)部經(jīng)濟(jì)分析局。

三、歐元區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)

表13 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(環(huán)比) 單位：%

表14 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(環(huán)比) 單位：%

資料來源：歐盟統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(表13、表14)。

表15 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng) 單位：%

注:除年度數(shù)據(jù)以外，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)率為該月份所在季度增長(zhǎng)率；就業(yè)人數(shù)為該月份所在季度的環(huán)比變化。

資料來源：歐洲央行統(tǒng)計(jì)月報(bào)、歐盟統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

表16 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(同比) 單位：%

表17 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(同比) 單位：%

資料來源：歐盟統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(表16、表17)。

表18 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 單位：億歐元

注:歐元區(qū)絕對(duì)數(shù)指歐元區(qū)現(xiàn)有范圍，即19個(gè)成員國(guó)。貿(mào)易額不包括歐元區(qū)各成員國(guó)相互之間的貿(mào)易額，為經(jīng)季節(jié)調(diào)整后的數(shù)據(jù)。

資料來源：歐盟統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

表19 外國(guó)直接投資 單位：億歐元

注:歐元區(qū)絕對(duì)數(shù)指歐元區(qū)現(xiàn)有范圍，即19個(gè)成員國(guó)。歐元區(qū)外國(guó)直接投資額不包括歐元區(qū)各成員國(guó)相互之間的直接投資額。

資料來源：歐洲央行統(tǒng)計(jì)月報(bào)。

四、日本經(jīng)濟(jì)

表20 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(環(huán)比) 單位：%

表21 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(環(huán)比) 單位：%

表22 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(同比) 單位：%

表23 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值及其構(gòu)成增長(zhǎng)率(同比) 單位：%

資料來源：日本內(nèi)閣府(表20～表23)。

表24 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng) 單位：%

資料來源：日本統(tǒng)計(jì)局和日本央行統(tǒng)計(jì)月報(bào)。

表25 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 單位：億日元

注:月度貿(mào)易額為季節(jié)調(diào)整后數(shù)據(jù)。

資料來源：日本財(cái)務(wù)省。

表26 外國(guó)直接投資 單位：億日元

資料來源：日本財(cái)務(wù)省。

五、其他主要國(guó)家和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)

表27 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)率(同比) 單位：%

注：印度年度GDP增長(zhǎng)率為財(cái)年增長(zhǎng)率。

表28 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)率(同比) 單位：%

資料來源：各經(jīng)濟(jì)體官方統(tǒng)計(jì)網(wǎng)站。

表29 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)失業(yè)率 單位：%

表30 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)失業(yè)率 單位：%

注：(1)英國(guó)和中國(guó)香港月度數(shù)據(jù)為截至當(dāng)月的3個(gè)月移動(dòng)平均失業(yè)率。(2)加拿大、英國(guó)、韓國(guó)和中國(guó)香港為經(jīng)季節(jié)因素調(diào)整后的失業(yè)率。

資料來源：各經(jīng)濟(jì)體官方統(tǒng)計(jì)網(wǎng)站。

表31 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 單位：億美元

注：加拿大和英國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過季節(jié)因素調(diào)整。

表32 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 單位：億美元

表33 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 單位：億美元

表34 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 單位：億美元

表35 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 單位：億美元

表36 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 單位：億美元

資料來源：各經(jīng)濟(jì)體官方統(tǒng)計(jì)網(wǎng)站(表27～表36)。

六、三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體指標(biāo)對(duì)比圖

圖1 三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體GDP環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)率(%) 注：美國(guó)為環(huán)比折年率增長(zhǎng)率。

圖2 三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體失業(yè)率變動(dòng)(%)

圖3 三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體出口額同比增長(zhǎng)率(%)

圖4 三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體進(jìn)口額同比增長(zhǎng)率(%) 數(shù)據(jù)來源：各經(jīng)濟(jì)體官方統(tǒng)計(jì)網(wǎng)站(圖1～圖4)。

(1) To promote China’s energy supply side structural reforms in the “13th Five-Year that” period

China International Economic Exchange Center Research Group

Under the background of the changing global energy supply and demand pattern and domestic new normal, to coordinate two overall situation of domestic sustainable development and global tackling climate change, we need to accelerate the energy supply side structural reform and promote clean energy and low carbon development. The ultimate goal of China’s energy supply side structural reform is to meet the needs of economic and social development by building a clean low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system. The main direction is to speed up the adjustment of the energy industrial structure, promote clean energy to replace fossil fuels gradually becoming China’s main energy, and establish a diversified energy supply system. The fundamental way is to deepen the reform, restore the energy commodity attributes, build an effective competitive energy market system, improve the institutional mechanisms where market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, promote energy technological innovation, strengthen key technology research, and deepen the innovation and development of energy equipment.

(2)The modernization of national governance and the construction of contemporary Chinese think tanks

Zhang Dawei and Xu Zhanchen

National governance systems and governance capacity modernization are necessary requirements for China to adapt to the development needs of the times and deal with various risks and challenges. As indispensable institutional arrangements within the governance structure of modern society, thank tanks play an important role in the modernization of national governance and play a special role in the function. Currently our think tank construction mainly focusing on tools should adhere to the organic combination of tools and functions, to develop functions by making tools stronger, ensure the realization of instrumental task via clear functional direction, and play multiple functions of aggregating social intelligence resources, connecting internal and external system, contacting other social groups, formatting goods market of ideas, corresponding platform of foreign institutions. Building a new think tank with Chinese characteristics should pay attention to functional requirements, while trying to solve some practical difficulties and problems.

(3)Research on the reasons for the rapid decline of China’s foreign exchange reserves and its reasonable scale

Cao Wenlian, Sheng Sixin and Yang Yuemin

RMB’s devaluation expectations as well as the trend of continuous depreciation causing the financial accounts to have a high deficit are the main reasons for the decline in China’s foreign exchange reserves in the past two years. Based on national conditions, this paper estimates the moderate scale of China’s foreign exchange reserves is in the range of $1.4 trillion to $2.6 trillion. In view of the current poor international economic situation, and differentiation of monetary policy in developed countries leading to financial market instability, we recommend that the current urgent need is to strengthen the market expectations of management of RMB exchange rate fluctuations, consider to slow down the pace of capital account convertibility, prudently promote the exchange marketization and the internationalization of the RMB, and actively prevent the short-term large-scale cross-border flows of capital frequently to have a big impact on China’s economic development and foreign exchange rates and reserves, and insist on the macroeconomic policy of both absorbing foreign capital and foreign investment.

(4)Deepening the structural reform of supply side and the leading role of circulation industry and strategic role of the logistics industry

Ding Junfa

Chinese circulation has become the elementary and leading industry of national economy, while logistics industry is the elementary and strategic industry of national economy, the development of strategic industries. Through the analyses of the purchasing managers index (PMI), price index (CPI, PPI), supply chain performance index (LPI), total retail sales of social consumer goods and production goods, the consumption rate, the Engel coefficient, the relationship between production, distribution, circulation and consumption of the national economy, we can demonstrate that, in deepening the structural reform of supply side, we should give full play to the leading role of circulation industry and the strategic role of logistics industry.

(5)Research on the supervision system of foreign investment in China under the negative list management model

Zhang Huanbo, Shi Chen, Du Jingwen and Liu Jun

Since the reform and opening up, especially after joining the WTO, Chinese foreign capital supervision experience has continuously enriched, exploration of the free trade zone in Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangdong test, Fujian also provides a test platform for the reform of the investment management system. On the basis of the UK and the US foreign regulatory experience, this paper proposes several suggestions on how to form strategic and forward-looking foreign investment supervision system base on the negative list, and provides relevant policy reference for perfecting the laws and regulations on foreign investment in China, the FTA investment management mode innovation and the negative list generalized in the country.

(6)“The Belt and Road” investment and financing cooperation mechanism needs innovations of macro mechanism and micro business model

Yan Yugui

The further implementation of “The Belt and Road” strategy and international capacity cooperation will bring the huge potential for the cross-border investment and financing cooperation. However, the cooperation projects under “The Belt and Road” strategy are huge financially, have long investment cycle, involve in cross-border cooperation and complex project structure, with financial institutions and lagging behind to participate, there is an urgent need to innovate the financial environment, and improve the innovation and open levels of investment and financing. Through combing risks in macro and micro two aspects in “The Belt and Road” investment financing cooperation, we can correspondingly discover reform and innovation ways: in macro mechanism, establishment and improvement of dialogue and coordination mechanism to support the construction of Sino Foreign Economic Cooperation Zone, connect the domestic and foreign bond markets, reform and innovate financial institutions risk control mechanism; in the micro business model, the development of the PPP business model, strengthening multiple structure design of financing and investment, to carry out cross-border asset securitization and innovate risk management channel.

(7) Overview of the development of global outsourcing market

Li Tinghui

The global international service outsourcing grows rapidly, forming the market pattern of developed countries to the United States, Europe and Japan as the representative for the main business of offshore outsourcing services issuing states, and India, China, Philippines as the representative of the Asian countries and the Middle East, Irish, central and eastern Europe and other countries for the offshore service outsourcing recipient countries. International service outsourcing provides a new space for the economic development of developed countries and developing countries, and has played a positive role in the global economic transformation and upgrading. However, with the development and application of the world’s science and technology, training and attracting of talents of every country, the pattern of global offshore outsourcing will changing. To this end, no matter for the issuing states or the recipient countries must find a suitable position in the changing market structure, and share the economic globalization of the dividend.

(8)A study on the successful model of state owned enterprises’downsizing, health, quality and efficiency

Liu Xianwei and Li Hongjuan

State owned enterprises’ slimming fitness, quality and efficiency has a far-reaching impact and is a significant and arduous task, the CPC Central Committee and State Council attached great importance to it and carried out a number of the deployment and research. Aimed at the state-owned enterprises’ widespread management levels, high operation cost, less prominent of main business, less innovation ability, lack of core competitiveness and other outstanding issues, many central state-owned enterprises take various measures to actively promote the relevant work and achieved certain results. By systematic research and summarizing the existing related practice and experience, we can roughly generate five successful models of reducing management level personnel, lowering cost and increasing efficiency, focusing on main business, innovation and entrepreneurship, and reunion and reorganization. State owned enterprises need to combine their own reality, flexibly use the existing successful experience and practice, accelerate the work of slimming fitness, and effectively improve the efficiency of enterprise management and the development of quality and core competitiveness.

(9)The experience and enlightenment of creative design in the UK

Li Rui

Britain is the birthplace of the world’s industrial design, but also the first proposer for the concept of creative industries, having a solid foundation for the design industry, various the development categories, obvious aggregation effect, with a good design market atmosphere. British government developed different policies in different stages of the development to promote the development of the design industry in order to promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing sector. At the same time, the related systems and organizations of the British design industry are also more complete, the advanced design education system and the unique design concept of University of Cambridge provide support for the design education personnel training, which are very worthy of reference.

Editor：Huang Yongfu

責(zé)任編輯：陳璇璇

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