古詩詞：開啟國學之門的鑰匙

戚永曄

“問君何能爾，心遠地自偏。采菊東籬下，悠然見南山。”

悠遠的意象，抑揚頓挫的誦讀，在很多人的心目中，這應該是在山水間縱情的抒發，然而今天，在燈光聚焦的央視演播廳里，在數千萬電視觀眾的聚焦下，被誦讀出來。

這是一檔綜藝節目，名叫《中國詩詞大會》。誦讀者是各樣普通人，但他們激發了大家對中國古典文化的情懷，也吸引了許多關注者的目光。

選手：腹有詩書氣自華

作為以背誦中國古詩詞為題材的節目，《中國詩詞大會》的明星，是臺上角逐的選手。

他們博聞強記、他們心懷唐宋。但“行走的詩詞庫”，就是我們推崇他們的原因么？當然不是，真正感染人的是詩歌帶給他們的那種從內散發出的美。

央視《中國詩詞大會》第二季總決賽冠軍、高中學生武亦姝就是一個最典型的例子。有媒體稱她：“滿足了網友對古代才女的所有幻想。”她一身漢服，穿得飄逸出挑，詩詞儲備豐富，還寫得一手好字。

節目中，武亦姝常常會一臉驚訝，不敢相信自己答得那么好，也會在選手都一時語塞、不知如何作答時，能另辟蹊徑。人們喜歡她，不僅僅是喜歡她對古詩詞的記誦能力、感悟能力，還喜歡她的性格——通俗來說，就是傳統國學的審美標準。

初一學生葉飛，大概是本屆詩詞大會年齡最小的選手之一，他擅長用文言文寫作，小小年紀就有不俗的詩詞積累。記者采訪他的知識背景，更讓人驚訝：兩歲開始讀唐詩，三歲接觸《三字經》《弟子規》。漸漸地，葉飛對古文書籍“情有獨鐘”。

博士生陳更則是選手中學歷最高的。她工科出身，卻滿腹文才，連續好幾場都是擂主，誦讀詩詞時，總是展現著自信的笑容，臺風鎮定、落落大方。她說：“從進入燕園的第一天起，我就明白了要不斷成為更美好的自己，同時不失為自己。”

相比于學子，農民大姐白茹云更能代表大多數普通百姓。她的出場讓許多人淚流滿面。“千磨萬擊還堅勁，任爾東西南北風”，她有強勁的風骨、堅定頑強的精神，對詩詞的熱愛激勵著她走向遠方。

百人團中的王海軍也是一樣。他，年過六旬的老農民，只上了四年學，卻非常熱愛詩詞。現在他擺攤修自行車貼補家用，修車間隙也不忘寫詩，過去三年已經寫了一千多首古典格律詩。對他來說，詩就像荒漠中的一抹綠色，能帶給他希望和渴求。

腹有詩書氣自華的他們，一起譜寫了詩詞舞臺上的傳奇，也點燃了更多人心里對古典國學的火焰。

專家：表達審美情趣和人生情趣

“一檔綜藝節目，只是背誦了幾首詩，真的能代表國學嗎？”

這是《中國詩詞大會》播出期間，媒體與網絡上引發的最大爭論。有人表示：利用詩詞進行單純的記憶力比拼，割裂了文化的整體意境和深度內涵，并不利于詩詞文化的整體傳承。

針對這些聲音，中央民族大學副教授、《中國詩詞大會》點評嘉賓蒙曼表示：“電視節目采取比賽形式吸引公眾眼球本身無可厚非。也正如武亦姝、陳更、張淼淼等選手所說：詩詞不是拿來比賽的，比賽只是游戲的一種形式。他們在參賽的過程中，是享受那種‘緊張的氣氛，感受傳統詩詞的魅力，以及通過努力看到更美好的自己。”

蒙曼的話語，很能代表《中國詩詞大會》的幕后團隊對設計制作這檔“另類”節目的初衷。

有人說，《中國詩詞大會》之所以能引起共鳴，就是打動了中國人的一顆“詩心”。跟世界上其他任何民族相比，中華民族是最愛詩的民族。《詩經》和《楚辭》作為源頭，唐詩宋詞作為高峰，一直到現當代創作余風，中國人習慣以詩來表達自己的情感，表達自己的審美情趣和人生情趣。《中國詩詞大會》第一季節目的內容以唐詩宋詞為主，集中反映了中華文化的高峰，第二季則拓展了詩詞的范圍，以更廣的節目內容和更深的意蘊擊中了中國人內心最敏感、最柔軟的地方。

蒙曼接受記者采訪時說的一句話很有意思：“我們談傳統文化復興，‘美是先行，因為‘美才能導出‘善。人們需要精神上的東西，而詩和其他任何形式相比，是最屬心的。”而這，正是《中國詩詞大會》節目要達到的目的。

觀眾：開啟國學文化之門的鑰匙

《中國詩詞大會》的播出，在觀眾中引發了一場“國學熱”，一時間，從學校到社會；從寫字樓到企業車間，大家茶余飯后的話題，就是聊聊詩詞，甚至外國小伙伴也被這東方的詩意所折服。

在一個國外問答網站Quora上，有不少帖子討論“你讀過最美的中國詩歌是什么？”也有學中文的外國網友討論分享喜愛的中國古詩詞。網友gndowns說：“我最近學中國詩歌覺得很有意思，研究詩句和翻譯之類的。大家有沒有喜歡的詩歌分享啊？”

來自英國劍橋大學的計算機科學家Silas S. Brown自學了漢語，還翻譯了徐志摩的《再別康橋》。

國內外觀眾的追捧，是《中國詩詞大會》創作團隊始料未及的。這幾年，國學熱的復興早有苗頭，從2001年開始播出的《百家講壇》，到近年來的《中國詩詞大會》《見字如面》《中國漢字聽寫大會》《中國成語大會》乃至《我在故宮修文物》等電視節目，形成一股“國學熱”的社會文化潮流。

2016年，閱讀節目《見字如面》和紀錄片《我在故宮修文物》，最讓人們再見傳統文化之美。這批被譽為“電視界的一股清流”的文化類節目，激發起人們對中華傳統文化熱愛和感動之情。

《見字如面》邀請一批老戲骨朗讀中國歷史上的優秀書信，猶如打開歷史，收獲如潮好評。蕭紅《有你們，中國是不會亡的》、韓愈《祭鱷魚文》、蔡琴《讓他活在我的歌里吧》、黃永玉《你多么需要他那點草莽精神》、劉慈欣《在時間之河的另一端》、林徽因《我不愿成為拆散你們的根源》、陳寅恪《此點關系全部綱紀精神》、林則徐《本來皇上還想照顧我》、毛澤東《共產黨要執行比平民更加嚴格的紀律》……一封封動人書信，讓不少觀眾流淚，感受到人情和漢語的力量。

《我在故宮修文物》則將鏡頭對準了故宮的文物修復師們，他們已經存在了幾百年，卻始終不為人知。節目深入故宮采訪12位文物修復師，以口述的形式撰寫了12位頂級文物修復師對歷史、對人生的回顧和感悟。在大時代的背景下，這群身懷絕技、妙手回春的文物修復師，默默地固守“冷宮”一隅，日復一日地打理價值連城的“國寶”。

其實，文物、詩詞、成語、書信、漢字都只是提綱挈領的手段，如果觀眾能拋開對錯的得失，從節目中提升興趣，收獲知識，才是借助這些開啟國學文化之門的鑰匙，才得以感受那些悠遠迷人、感天動地的歷史場景和意蘊之美。

Ancient poetry of China is seeing a big renaissance， as evidenced by a blockbuster ten-episode television programrecently screened from January 29 to February 7 2017 by China Central Television （CCTV）， the countrys biggest television network. The televised competition caused a sensation across the country. Those who loved Chinese poems competed against each other showing off their understanding of these poems and how many they could recite. The winners of the competition became celebrities， but they are loved and admired not because they are walking poems. What touched the hearts of the people is the poetic beauty oozing from their hearts and glowing in their faces.

Wu Yisu， a 16-year-old high school girl from Shanghai， was the champion of the competition. A raving critic featured her as a girl who satisfied all the fantasies people had about a talented girl of the ancient times. She wore traditional apparel at the conference. She had memorized an amazing number of ancient Chinese poems. Her handwriting was beautiful. And she responded beautifully and with amazing ease to challenges. Sometimes she even looked astonished by her own good replies， especially when other contenders failed to find a clue. People loved her largely because of her characteristics shaped by the poetry she recited and quoted easily.

The television blockbuster triggered a heated discussion about Chinese poetry and classics. Some questioned： “It is just a television program and a bunch of people who can recite poems. It isnt equal to Chinese classics.” Some even went so far as to say that it was just a competition of memory and that it didnt show the complete beauty and profundity of the Chinese culture and therefore the show didnt do any good to the mission of carrying Chinese poetry as a whole forward.

Meng Man， an associate professor with the Central University of Nationalities and a guest at the television program， defended the poetry program： It is not wrong for a television show to attract the eyeballs through competition. Excessive criticism doesnt do justice. The players at the show agreed that the poems were not created for competition. Competition was just a game. They enjoyed being there， enjoyed the tension， and enjoyed the beauty of traditional poems. They strived to see a better self through the competition.

It is pointed out that the sensational conference appealed to the heart of the Chinese nation. Compared to other nations in the world， Chinese people probably have the biggest passion for poems in the world. （also known as ） and mark the glorious beginning of Chinese poems. Poetry reached a climax during the Tang （618-907） and the Song （960-1279）. The Chinese people can easily express themselves through poems. And they find national identity， cohesion， sentiments， nature， life， memory， morality in the poems that accumulated over a period of more than 2，000 years.

Meng Man said in a media interview： “Beauty is the first thing of the renaissance of traditional culture. We need beauty because beauty leads to kindness. People need things that touch their heart and soul. Comparatively， poems are closest to our heart and soul.” The was indeed designed to touch the heart and soul of the Chinese people.

The conference has had delightful repercussions. For a while， everybody talked about ancient Chinese poems. And it has given birth to a new mania for Chinese poetry.

The conference is only part of a great renaissance of the traditional Chinese culture going in full strength now. A series of similar television shows have contributed to the renaissance. and are similar television shows produced and screened by CCTV.y， a 2016 television documentary， was a huge success. The documentary focused on the masters in the Palace Museum who repair and restore antiques， ancient paintings and books in the imperial collection. ， a program produced and screened by Heilongjiang Television， gives people opportunities to hear letters brought back from the past. These letters are read by celebrated television and film artists.