“基于精密測量物理的引力及相關物理規律研究”立項報告

羅俊++胡忠坤++涂良成++楊山清

摘 要：廣義相對論（經典的引力理論）和粒子標準模型理論（量子規范理論）是目前最成功的基礎物理理論，兩個理論都通過了迄今為止所有的實驗檢驗。但可惜的是兩個理論目前并不兼容。因此，對于物理學家來說，發現一個能統合自然界所有基本相互作用的理論框架就顯得非常重要。引力及其相關物理規律的研究對于深入理解引力的性質和規律、尋找新的基本力和最終統一描述4種基本相互作用具有重要指導意義。由于實驗是檢驗物理理論正確與否最有效的判據，人們期待著利用更精密的實驗技術和更巧妙的實驗方法，在更廣的相互作用范圍和更高的實驗精度上檢驗廣義相對論與量子理論基本假設的正確性以及相關的預言。該研究的基本出發點是尋找新的相互作用，開展引力基本規律和QED理論檢驗。在引力基本規律研究中，進行萬有引力定律和等效原理的實驗檢驗。對萬有引力定律的檢驗包括兩個方面：分別是進行萬有引力常數G的精確測量和近距離牛頓反平方定律的實驗檢驗。在等效原理的實驗檢驗中，分別通過精密扭秤、冷原子自由落體和旋轉冷分子3種方式進行實驗檢驗。另外，擬通過對Li+離子的精密光譜測量開展關于束縛態QED理論的實驗檢驗，進行精細結構常數α的測量。研究緊密圍繞目前物理學基礎研究中的最前沿，任何一個課題的突破都將對物理學的發展產生極其深遠的影響，并使我國在該領域的研究在國際學術界占有一席之地。

關鍵詞：精密測量 引力實驗和理論 等效原理 牛頓反平方 量子電動力學

Project Report about Researches on Gravitation and its Related Laws based on Precision Measurement Physics

Luo Jun Hu Zhongkun Tu Liangcheng Yang Shanqing

（School of Physics，HUST）

Abstract：The General Relativity and Standard Model， describing the fundamental physical laws of nature currently， have both passed all experimental tests to date successfully. However， the two theories are essentially incompatible. Many theoretical physicists are devoted to searching for a framework to cover the four fundamental interactions， but up to now， they cannot answer the question that why the gravitation is so weak compared with the other force. A number of theoretical speculations are proposed and typically involve new physical interactions， some of which could manifest themselves as violations of the Einsteins equivalence principle， variation of the universally fundamental constants （such as G）， breaking of the Lorenz-symmetry， deviation of the Newtonian inverse square law， and so on. Each of these manifestations offers an opportunity for experiment and could result a new discovery. Therefore， any experimental effort devoted to validating these expectations will help to understand the fundamental nature of gravity. This project will carry out experimental and theoretical researches to test the basic physical laws of general relativity and QED theories. The assignments include gravitational experiments such as the precision measurement of G， testing of Newtonian inverse square law at short ranges， testing of the equivalence principle with three different methods： torsion balance， the free-fall of cold atoms and rotating cold molecules. And laboratory tests of bound state QED theories by precisely measuring the spectroscopy of Li+ and the determination of fine structure constant α are also involved. All these issues are settled according to the most significant end of recent fundamental researches of physics. If any of the issues make a breakthrough， It will bring great influence on the development of physics and promote the status of our country in the international academe.

Key Words：Precision measurement； Gravitaional experiments and theories； Equivalence principle； Newtonian inverse square law； QED

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