最是桃歌解鄉(xiāng)愁

陳偉權(quán)

三月桃花映面紅，桃林如錦笑春風(fēng)。

在奉化的車(chē)站、碼頭等交通要道，可見(jiàn)醒目標(biāo)志：“奉化——桃花盛開(kāi)的地方”。溪口鎮(zhèn)新建村有世界桃街，還有籌建中的中國(guó)桃花博物館，并將舉行奠基儀式。那里桃花灼灼，一派鄉(xiāng)村野趣，也是有名的宜游宜居之地。

崛起世界桃街

奉化蕭王廟街道以產(chǎn)水蜜桃著稱(chēng)，是寧波市首批三個(gè)浙江省特色農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)鎮(zhèn)之一。從蕭王廟“天下第一桃園”出發(fā)，不上10分鐘，世界桃街就呈現(xiàn)在面前。

世界桃街凝結(jié)的桃文化絢麗厚重。2000年奉化第一屆桃花節(jié)在新建村舉辦。著名歌唱家蔣大為在世界桃街唱響《在那桃花盛開(kāi)的地方》，游人云集，聲聞?dòng)谔欤閯?dòng)于地，歌聲引出連串故事。

人們由此得知，激發(fā)歌詞的作者鄔大為創(chuàng)作靈感的竟是他的奉化同鄉(xiāng)、溪口鎮(zhèn)19歲的小戰(zhàn)士王武位。那年鄔大為作為沈陽(yáng)軍區(qū)歌舞團(tuán)創(chuàng)作員，到零下40攝氏度的珍寶島體驗(yàn)生活，恰遇王武位。王武位說(shuō)到當(dāng)時(shí)家鄉(xiāng)正桃花盛開(kāi)，心里也變得溫暖。鄔大為說(shuō)奉化帶給小戰(zhàn)士的精神力量，有天下最美的桃花。事隔16年，歌詞作者鄔大為、作曲者鐵源和蔣大為都蒞臨奉化歌唱桃花，蔣大為風(fēng)趣地說(shuō)：“奉化溪口是蔣氏故里，我也姓蔣，覺(jué)得自己和奉化很有緣分。”

“世界桃街”的行楷大字，自然灑脫，鐫刻在巨大巖壁上。桃街兩邊栽有來(lái)自國(guó)內(nèi)外的100多個(gè)桃樹(shù)品種，包括北京的京華紅珠、大連的連黃、山東的雪桃、南京的菊花露、鄭州的曙光、徐州的徐蜜、無(wú)錫的湖景蜜桃等，更有浙江各地的多個(gè)桃樹(shù)品種，桃街還栽有美國(guó)的白桃、農(nóng)神蟠桃，而來(lái)自日本的桃樹(shù)品種多達(dá)10多個(gè)。在當(dāng)?shù)厮厶已芯克夹g(shù)人員指導(dǎo)下，桃農(nóng)探索不同品種的生長(zhǎng)特性，精心培育，致使桃街賞花期長(zhǎng)、花色深淺斑斕，而且桃子果實(shí)風(fēng)味各異。桃街上立有“全國(guó)水蜜桃優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)示范基地”的指示牌。

觀(guān)賞桃花，景致不同，感受也不一樣。蕭王廟的桃花連片火紅。置身世界桃街，見(jiàn)淡淡遠(yuǎn)山、萋萋芳草、濃濃花叢，幽境中花朵有的含苞欲放，更多的迎風(fēng)綻開(kāi)，在三月春風(fēng)中姹紫嫣紅，桃街競(jìng)顯風(fēng)流。

譜寫(xiě)新桃花源

桃源仙境，那是古代不食人間煙火的仙人住地，而常人居住的桃境則多留有鄉(xiāng)愁。5A級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)溪口雪竇山美景誘人，也積淀鄉(xiāng)愁。新建村有個(gè)法華寺，從前寺邊有蔣氏家產(chǎn)竹山。少年蔣介石常隨母親王采玉到法華寺禮佛，常聽(tīng)母親訴說(shuō)娘家在溪口葛竹。1947年4月，蔣介石夫婦攜后代上法華寺品味野菜，鄉(xiāng)愁依稀。

新建村村民委員會(huì)主任唐方良說(shuō)，新建村隸屬于溪口鎮(zhèn)，但村里沒(méi)有名人，沒(méi)有名宅，卻可建設(shè)古人夢(mèng)想中的桃源美景。在村黨支部的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，組織村民拓寬農(nóng)業(yè)觀(guān)光大道，僅用一星期時(shí)間完成20戶(hù)人家的房屋拆建，又組織整修流經(jīng)村中大溪，實(shí)施天藍(lán)水清村干凈工程。早年建成一排排村民新居，錯(cuò)落有致，門(mén)前小溪清流涓涓；村中公園古樹(shù)偉岸挺拔，卵石巨巖點(diǎn)綴著小橋、流水，印證著村口牌樓所示桃源仙境。

他們還施展大手筆，與建設(shè)和延伸世界桃街項(xiàng)目同步，營(yíng)造四季花海，建設(shè)數(shù)百畝的梅花基地，梅花先報(bào)春消息，人間春風(fēng)桃花紅。大面積油菜花盛開(kāi)，連片成黃金海洋，吸引大批游客、市民前來(lái)觀(guān)賞。那里還有一排排小木屋，不僅可提供當(dāng)?shù)赜忻耐撂禺a(chǎn)，供人休閑、飲食，而且能讓人在田野觀(guān)花踏青，放飛心情，享受桃花節(jié)一樣的浪漫風(fēng)情。

村黨支部書(shū)記唐敦大與唐方良緊密配合，帶動(dòng)村民把閑置的房舍改建成民宿，游客可以像在家中一樣住宿，流連忘返。他們又把宗祠修葺成文化禮堂，墻上表彰村中杰出的人事和大學(xué)生姓名、事跡，以弘揚(yáng)全村正能量。

春風(fēng)桃花育新風(fēng)。奉化歷年的水蜜桃文化節(jié)期間游人如云，2016年到新建村游覽的每天有3萬(wàn)人，最多一天達(dá)3.6萬(wàn)人，這對(duì)僅有500多戶(hù)人家的農(nóng)村是一場(chǎng)挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇并存的考驗(yàn)。村里組織200多名志愿者服務(wù)游客。志愿者事先經(jīng)過(guò)培訓(xùn)，把文明待客的種種舉措一一落實(shí)，并率先垂范。桃花節(jié)活動(dòng)場(chǎng)面熱烈、人山人海，但新建村里村巷清潔，秩序井然。

村干部帶領(lǐng)村民譜寫(xiě)桃花源。唐方良從早到夜是個(gè)大忙人，村里來(lái)了客人要迎接，村民有事要協(xié)調(diào)，奔上奔下忙村務(wù)。為了“大我”舍“小我”，唐方良原本外出辦企業(yè)長(zhǎng)達(dá)20年，事業(yè)有成。如今大家信任，他回村當(dāng)干部，個(gè)人收入減少不說(shuō)，以?xún)鹤忧髮W(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，原在寧波有名的學(xué)校念書(shū)，現(xiàn)在也得跟他回奉化讀書(shū)。

盡顯桃文化魅力

新建桃源風(fēng)景美、人氣旺，也帶來(lái)人脈。唐方良等一批村干部尋覓商機(jī)，組建全通發(fā)展有限公司，招聘電商達(dá)人，以誠(chéng)信、守信、服務(wù)為上，發(fā)揮他們的才智開(kāi)拓電子商務(wù)，贏(yíng)來(lái)眾多顧客網(wǎng)購(gòu)。從村里走出去的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生鄭瑜昕在上海已有工作崗位，也被招回村創(chuàng)業(yè)，從事公司電商業(yè)務(wù)。2016年吉林省有22個(gè)縣的相關(guān)人員來(lái)到奉化溪口新建村取經(jīng)；同年10月，新建村被評(píng)上浙江省首批農(nóng)村電子商務(wù)示范村，預(yù)計(jì)今年水蜜桃上市后，新建村網(wǎng)購(gòu)會(huì)更加熱火。

世界桃街衍生樁樁美事，但稱(chēng)得上大手筆的要數(shù)中國(guó)桃花博物館奠基儀式。它被人們通稱(chēng)為桃花館，已籌建多時(shí)，一年前通過(guò)媒體發(fā)布信息，向全球招聘館長(zhǎng)。1600多年前陶淵明寫(xiě)的《桃花源記》美夢(mèng)在這里即將成真，設(shè)計(jì)方案中有桃花歷史、桃花故事、桃花詩(shī)詞以及桃對(duì)身體的保健作用等。就以桃的歷史來(lái)說(shuō)，新石器時(shí)代河姆渡遺址有野生桃樹(shù)遺存，兩千多年前的《詩(shī)經(jīng)》已有桃的詩(shī)歌，一千多年前文字記載的四明山洞天中仙女桃事，就在古代的溪口地域，直到150多年前溪口桃農(nóng)依托當(dāng)?shù)厮羶?yōu)勢(shì)，嫁接從外地引入的優(yōu)良桃種，培育瓊漿玉露水蜜桃，名揚(yáng)萬(wàn)里。1996年，國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)展研究中心等部門(mén)聯(lián)合命名奉化為“中國(guó)水蜜桃之鄉(xiāng)”。近20年來(lái)，有60多批境外果樹(shù)專(zhuān)家到奉化溪口考察。

桃花博物館將計(jì)劃舉行奠基儀式時(shí)，在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安排多個(gè)圖文并茂的展板，在展示桃對(duì)人體的保健作用時(shí)，必然會(huì)介紹奉化水蜜桃的誘人美味。毛澤東主席曾對(duì)來(lái)自浙江的身邊工作人員贊許：“浙江的水蜜桃又甜又香。”奉化水蜜桃無(wú)疑是最佳的。用手觸摸軟綿綿的成熟桃子，你可看到半透明的果肉，它會(huì)化成可口蜜汁，用一根吸管戳破表皮，伸入到果肉中，即可吸吮到甜爽鮮美的桃汁。難怪三四月山桃花時(shí)節(jié)，客戶(hù)、游人都向電商預(yù)訂七八月份的奉化水蜜桃呢！

奉化是寧波市的一個(gè)美麗城區(qū)，每年3月至10月奉化水蜜桃文化節(jié)就像展示生態(tài)文明的皇冠，而溪口新建村的民辦桃街則是皇冠上一顆熠熠閃光的明珠，盡顯桃文化的無(wú)窮魅力，也為建設(shè)寧波現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家港口名城增添光彩。

Village in Fenghua Presents World Peach Street

By Chen Weiquan

Wherever you go in Fenghua， you see the slogan “Fenghua， where the peach blossoms in full bloom”. As Chinas ‘peach capital， Fenghua is the right place to be for a spring outing soaked in the perfume of peach petals. The citys Xikou Town is home to the Chinas only ‘Peach Street and Peach Museum， drawing tourists from all over the country for its pastoral charm.

Famed for its significant production of juicy peach， Xiaowangmiao ranks as one of the top three provincial-level agricultural towns in Ningbo. The World Peach Street is only about 10 minutes drive from the Worlds Number One Peach Orchard in the towns Xinjian Village， where the first Fenghua Peach Blossoms Festival was held in 2000. The festivity opened in the beautiful melody of Where the Peach Blossoms in Full Bloom， the most famous song by singer Jiang Dawei.

According to the songs lyricist Wu Dawei， the inspiration came from Wang Wuwei， a Fenghua native from Xikou Town. When the 19-year-old Wang Wuwei told him that it was his memories about the peach blossoms of his hometown that brought the spiritual power for him to survive the killing cold in the isolated island， Wu Dawei was so moved that he wrote a song.

The ‘Peach Street is flanked with more than a hundred peach species and nectarine cultivars known to the world， including a dozen varieties from Japan， white peach and flat peach （or pan-tao which has a flattened shape in contrast to ordinary rounded peaches） from America， and such famous domestically cultivated varieties as the Jinghua Hongzhu， Lianhuang， the Snow White， Chrysanthemum Dew， Shuguang， Xumi and Hujing.

Genetic studies suggest peaches originated in China， where they have been cultivated since the early days of Chinese culture. Until recently， it was believed that the cultivation started circa 2000 BC. Nevertheless， the recent evidence indicates that domestication occurred as early as 6000 BC in Zhejiang Province. The oldest archaeological peach stones have been excavated from the Hemudu site in todays Yuyao， Ningbo. Archaeologists point at the Yangzi River valley as the place where the early selection for favorable peach varieties likely took place.

Peaches were mentioned in Chinese writings as far back as the 10th century BC and were a favored fruit of kings and emperors， and obviously inspired the authors of ， the oldest collection of poems compiled and edited by Confucius more than 2，500 years ago. The history of cultivation of peaches in China has been extensively reviewed citing numerous original manuscripts dating back to 1100 BC.

In 1996， Fenghua became Chinas ‘juicy peach capital， a title officially granted by the Development Research Center of the State Council. The city has since been drawing fruiter experts from all over the world.

At the peach museum， visitors are able to learn about the cultivation history， planting and nutritional facts of the Fenghua peach. During one of his visits to Zhejiang， Chairman Mao mentioned how he was impressed by the uniquely fine quality of peach produced in the province. The citys juicy peaches are of such a peerless quality that the peach dealers in Fenghua have to handle orders from tourists and company buyers months earlier than the ripening season.

For a first-hand experience of the peach culture of Fenghua， the citys annual peach revelry that lasts more than six months from March to October is also open to all. In 2016， Xinjian Village received an average of about 30，000 peach lovers daily during the Fenghua Peach Festival.

The engaging scenery of Xuedou Mountain area must not be missed for any sane traveler. For cultural buffs， Fenghua has a lot of cultural spots to offer. In April of 1947， Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Song Meiling paid a visit to the Fahua Temple in Xinjian Village. A firm believer in Buddhism， his mother Wang Caiyu spent a lot of time here when Chiang Kai-shek was a teenager.