鋼鐵生產過程高效節能基礎研究

林林

摘 要：該研究針對3個關鍵科學問題所設置的6個課題展開了全面研究。課題一，“全氧條件下高爐高溫熱化學反應與能質傳遞協同原理”開展了氧氣高爐工藝流程設計及其工藝參數計算，氧氣高爐氣氛下爐料低溫還原粉化行為實驗，高還原勢下球團礦還原行為實驗，氧氣高爐氣氛下燒結礦還原行為，氧氣高爐氣氛下燒結礦軟熔行為的研究。課題二，“高溫運動床層異形顆粒堆積體系內的能質傳遞與轉化機制”進行了透明燒結杯可視化高溫燒結實驗臺搭建，一維非穩態鐵礦石燒結模型的建立，環冷機內燒結礦冷卻過程流動換熱數值模擬，燒結礦內部孔隙結構CT掃描測試分析，多孔球體堆積床的傳熱和流動數值計算，燒結礦化學反應動力學實驗，多孔介質層流對流換熱系數分形準則方程的理論推導，對球團回轉窯煤粉燃燒進行研究建立傳熱模型等研究。課題三，“基于物料品質調控的高溫熔渣余熱回收能質傳輸機理”展開了高溫熔融物料相變冷卻可視化實驗裝置和在線測量系統，化學組成配比對高爐熔渣冷卻后物相結構及物性變化的影響，冷卻方式對高爐渣物相結構及性能的影響，液態物料氣淬-轉杯離心粒化可視化實驗平臺建設，建立了風冷條件下單個高溫熔融物料顆粒內部相變傳熱理論模型，單個高溫熔融物料顆粒相變冷卻換熱的數值模擬等多項研究。課題四，“氣相余熱高效梯級儲存與轉換的理論和方法”圍繞著間歇性氣相余熱蓄存的非穩態特性，多孔異質復合相變材料制備及熱學性能表征，氣相余熱蓄傳熱測試平臺搭建，分子篩微孔結構的多孔介質材料的熱質傳遞機理，多孔功能/相變材料內流固耦合輸運等研究。課題五，“鋼鐵流程系統的能耗排放特征及其廣義熱力學優化”進行了鋼鐵生產流程的普適性物理模型及整體行為特征，鋼鐵生產流程資源、能源與環境效應評價方法，鋼鐵生產流程多層次物流、能流網絡及運行時序特征，生產流程系統構型及運行調控的廣義熱力學優化研究。課題六，“鋼鐵生產過程的能源高效配置與余能梯級利用”開展了鋼鐵工業全時空多品位能量流與生產流程關聯關系，伴生氣壓縮系統內部流動機理，低熱值伴生氣化學能物理能釋放效率和釋放裝置，中低熱值伴生氣燃燒實驗方面等研究。通過該年度的前期研究，為后續的進一步研究工作指明了方向，打下了堅實基礎。通過實施，發現了實施過程中存在的一些問題，并對于這些問題進行了積極整改，提出了針對項目管理的相關建議。

關鍵詞：鋼鐵工業 節能 基礎研究 協同強化 多場耦合 余能儲存 集成優化

2012 Annual Report of Fundamental Investigation on Energy Efficiency for Metallurgical Processing

Lin Lin

（University of Science & Technology Beijing，USTB）

Abstract：The project mainly contains the following studies aiming at the key scientific issues during 2012.1—2012.8： （1）The synergy principle of high temperature thermo-chemical reactions and mass-energy transfer in pure-oxygen blast furnace： the process and process parameter of the oxygen blast furnace were investigated. The experiments of low temperature reduction degradation behaviors of burden， the pellet reduction behaviors， the sinter reduction behaviors and the sinter softening and melting behaviors in oxygen blast furnace have been investigated respectively. （2）Thermodynamic temperature rise and kinetic properties of the sinter and steel slag： a visual transparent sintering pot experiment table is built. Numerical simulation on the flow and heat transfer of the sinter cooling process inside the ring cooler was investigated and the CT scan test on the internal pore structure of sinter was analyzed. Furthermore， the heat transfer and flow of porous-sphere-packed bed was calculated and the experiment of the chemical reaction kinetic of sinter was researched. The fractal criterion equation of the layer convection coefficient in the porous medium has been derived. In addition， the heat transfer model for the pulverized coal combustion in a pellet rotary kiln was established. （3）The evolution and continuous control method of the gaseous phase heat reservoir for the converter gas and low-temperature flue gas： the preparation of the porous heterogeneous composite phase change materials and thermal performance characterization was finished. A platform was built to test the storage of the gaseous phase waste heat and the heat and mass transfer mechanism as well as the transport mechanism. （4）The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of iron and steel process and energy distribution of multi-level component as well as the Resource—Energy—Environment generalized thermodynamics optimization： a full-time and multi-grade energy flow and relationship with the production process in iron and steel industry was investigated. We have also studied the internal flow mechanism of associated gas compression， the release efficiency of the physical energy of the low calorific value associated gas and the release device， and the combustion experiments on iron and steel production process. Generally， all planned targets and researches this year have been finished. Through the studies， it also lays a solid foundation and points out the direction for the further researches.

Key Words：Iron and steel industry； Energy saving； Fundamental research； Coordinated enhancement； Multi-field coupling； Waste heat storage； Integrated optimization