英文目錄與摘要(CONTENTS)

CONTENTS

Diao Shuren

The Japanese invasions of Korea in the end of the 16thcentury involved the three east Asian countries, Japan, Korea and the Ming Dynasty in the disaster, and had a profound influence on the history of east Asia.Especially,it brought Korea into the unprecedented disaster, even almost destruction.But for the contribution of the Ming forces,Korea’s national situation might be another scene.Japanese Disturbance that Korea meet with was related to that Korea took the Japanese lightly and wavered in determination.Korea learned Japanese intent of “conquering Ming-Dynasty via Korea”, but covered up the facts.The underestimation of the enemy was rooted in that Korea praised himself “Small China” for a long time and despised Japan regarding it as the barbarians in culture. Korea believed that Japan who was in a bad position would never launch a war on China and Korea.

TheDebateaboutYiSeong-gyeandHistoricalWritingbetweenJoseonDynastyandMingDynastyinthe16thCentury

Huang Xiuzhi

There were some serious legitimacy crisises in the beginning of Joseon Dynasty， whose representative example was Yi Seong-gye’s political deeds in the time of establishing Joseon Dynasty. In the 16th century， a long debate about Yi Seong-gye centring onDaminghuidianlasting 70 years between Joseon Dynasty and Ming Dynasty， profoundly influenced Joseon’s political development and Sino-korean relationship， which should attribute to both the development of Joseon’s Confucianism and the structure of Joseon’s kingship. In the 16th century， it was not only a booming era of Joseon’s Confucianism when Confucian scholars dominated the country， but also a declining age of Joseon’s kingship， who was usually deep in the political crisis. As a result， the dabate about Yi Seong-gye became a chance for emperors， kings and Confucian scholars the three’s interest claims and political interaction. Firstly， Confucian scholars dominated moral discourse power and gained political group’s interest； secondly， kings set up legitimacy and practical dilemma； thirdly， emperors enhanced the authority and protected Sino-korean relationship. So emperors， kings and Confucian scholars all participated in creating a tradition of dabating against false records， whose key point was resolving legitimacy crisis in reality by changing disgraced memories in history.

TheRelationshipbetweenthePoliticalParticipationofWetNursesinRoyalFamilyofAncientJapanandtheEmperorPower

Lin Na

Wet nurses in the royal family of the ancient Japan are special groups of females who are responsible for feeding the royal children. There is a close relationship between wet nurses and the royal children， and sometimes this relationship produces emotions that go beyond the feelings between the mother and her children. During the period of Ritsuryo from the Nara period to the early Heian period， when emperors held the real power， although many royal children were named after the family clans of the wet nurse， the level of the political participation of wet nurses was low because their birth clans were not fixed. During the middle and late Heian period， the power of the emperor came down， and the political influence of wet nurses born in the nobility with their family grew stronger， which accelerated the decline of the emperor power. The political participation of wet nurses changes along with the transfer of the emperor power； in turn， their political participation also restricts and affects the operation of the emperor power.

ThematicAnalysisofRelevantEducationalContentinthePolicyAddressofthePrimeMinisterofJapan

Liu Guiping

Through the analysis of the relevant educational contents in the policy address of the successive prime ministers of Japan，we can arise from seven high fregnencent words， namely “education”, “motivation”, “project”, “priority”, “youth”, “national character” and “change”, that the concept of educational management has always been emphasized for more than 130 years since the first prime minster in 1885. Especially after World War Ⅱ, Prime Ministers of Japan have regarded education as a vital national development priorities and have paid close attention to it, and have focused on the education and training of teenagers, What is particularly remarkable is that Japan’s educational policy has been constantly changing and repairing for adapting to the trend of the times.

AResearchontheCharacteristicsofMesopotamiaDeitiesfrom“EnumaElish”

3) 2017年10月5日在應用系統開展診斷監測過程中，發現煉油部供烯烴部重石腦油質量流量計驅動增益和密度劇烈波動，經過系統診斷運算，發現輸送過程中存在流量過小而產生3.64%嚴重氣化現象，確定其管線處于不滿管狀態。為此及時通知調度調整工藝及閥門開度，成功避免了計量結算爭議，確保計量數據精準。

Li Haifeng and Song Jiao

Ancient Mesopotamia civilization is one which worships deities remarkably， and where the deities play an important role in all kinds of life in the country. “Enuma Elish” is the most famous Creation Epic in ancient Mesopotamia， which described the activities of various deities based on Marduk in the creation process of universe. Through the interpretation of the spirit of the epic， we found that the Mesopotamian deities have characteristics of naturalness， superiority and grade etc.. In this paper， the characteristics of the deities are analyzed and summarized， so that people can better understand the Mesopotamia civilization.

AReviewontheSignificanceofthePetraPapyri’sPublishingtoByzantineStudies

Li Qiang

Byzantine papyrology is a popular branch of the international Byzantine studies. On consideration of the fertility and importance of the information contained in Byzantine papyri, an increasing number of byzantinists have been focusing on the Byzantine papyrology thePetraPapyriare the new-discovered papyri in the end of the 20thcentury. Due to their rareness and abundant knowledge in the specific region, they have been regarded as the precious sources for the sixth-century Byzantine history. Much attention has been given to them since their discovery. Because of the inferior quality of the papyri, it costs 11 years, namely, from 2002 to 2013, to publish four volumes of thePetraPapyri. Up to now, thePetraPapyriare regarded as the key evidence for the early Byzantine economic and social history. The adoption of papyri into the research on Byzantine studies in China is still at the beginning, hence, the research of thePetraPapyrihas valuable significance to enforcing that for Chinese byzantinists.

AStudyoftheCaptivesandTheirResettlementsinEgyptduringtheNewKingdom

Kong Fanqian

Captive was one of the booties brought into Egypt during New kingdom. On the one hand， in royal inscriptions captives were represented to be bounded， smited， and humilated by Egyptians; One the other hand， they were absorbed into the army， offered to the temple or given to the military officials as rewards. Egyptians considered them as a member of Egyptian society to take advantage of them. Captives truly have made great contributions to the prosperity of the new kingdom. However， a bunch of foreigners entered into Egypt brought about unrest during late New Kingdom， causing the foreigners to rule over Egypt in Late period.

Egypt’sDevelopmentandLimitationsintheMubarakEra

Chen Tianshe

There are three positiveaspects in the Mubarak regime.Firstly,it had maintained the long-term basic stability of Egypt’s politics and society. Secondly, it devoted to economic development, and Egypt’s economy had great development during this era. Thirdly, the Egypt’s isolation was broken, and Egypt had got international influence. There are a lot of limitations in the modernization of the Mubarakregime. One is that Egypt’s political authoritarianism had been strengthened, another is that the ordinary people had not got benefits from the development of during this era.Moreover, Egypt was more dependent on foreign countries, especially the United States. In conclusion, the fundamental factor of the Mubarak Regime’s failure was that the chief objective of the Mubarak’s modernization was to maintain its authoritarian rule rather than to give top priority to the interests of Egypt and its people.

HegelianPhilosophy’sCriticismtoJudaismandItsImpact

Hu Hao

Influenced by Kant’s rationalism and anti- empiricism position， Hegel criticized Jewish laws and rituals from spiritual philosophy and aesthetic culture， and thought that they lack spiritual value. However， Hegel’s later historical philosophy and dialectic alleviated the uncompromising anti-Jewish stance of Kant’s philosophy， considered Judaism as a religion of spiritual individuality， and recognized that Judaism played an active role in the process of spiritual religion evolution. But Hegel expressed a pessimistic attitude toward the future of Judaism. He insisted that Judaism is a passed period in the process from natural history to the history of absolute spirit， and it could not control the historical process and achieve the goal of absolute spirit. Hegel agreed to give full citizenship to Jews and thought in this way， the Jews and Judaism would be influenced and transformed by mainstream spirit and philosophy naturally， and would eventually lost its historical features and be integrated into the history of absolute spirit. Speaking objectively， Hegel’s idea of spiritual evolution provided a new conceptual foundation on the reform of Judaism.

ExpressionofHistory：DialecticalUnificationofSubjectiveCognizationandObjectiveFacts——ReviewonFrotierStudiesofHistory

Dong Jun

History study is a process of cognizing history and elaborating the past through the research on culture relics, documents and remains. In this process, the most important issue is the historians who are the main expressers of history need to solve how to eliminate the false and retain the truth and to make history cognization corres ponding to history facts. With the effect of cognitive limitations of historians and social environment, it is difficult to make history expressions exactly match history facts. It is a sticking problem of history study, and it is also an internal motivation that promotes history development. With the purpose of restoring the truth of history, historians attempt to separate this cognitive deviation from history expressions, which accelerates the constant emergence of frontier issues in history study. Based on the perspective of objectivity and truthfulness in history study, this paper combs and integrates hot issues in history study which historians focus on, and reviews the frontier issues in current studies.

TheStudyofJapaneseEducatorKuniyoshiObara’sWarAwareness

Liu Binghe

Kuniyoshi is a educator and thinker who influence Japanese modern education deeply in the late twentieth century. He advocated holistic education which outlined today’s Japanese educational framework to some extent， and which provided reference and enlightenment to Quality Education in China in a large sense.However， at present， Chinese and Japanese scholars’ research and discussion about Kuniyoshi Obara and his educational thoughts are staying at explaining the teaching principles on the surface，But they ignored educator’s personal experience in the era of social which play out role and influence to the formation of his educational philosophy. This paper focus on the academic study of the blind spot， and combing Obara’s changes at war awareness in the historical period. From World War II， between Obara and Japanese militarism had contradictions and compromise，struggle and adjustment. After the war， Obara write his memoirs to absolve himself， and he write books to“against war”. This article try to restore scene with the method of historicism to interpretation educator Obara’s the complexity of war awareness stereoscopically.In the current research results， this article is the first work to excavation and research Kuniyoshi Obara’s war awareness.

“Linkage”and“Regulation”:TheTextualResearchof“thePurchaseofHorses”WhichWereBoughtfromRyukyubyLiHaointheSeventhYearofHongWu

Li Jian

Zhu Yuanzhang made the asking for the Tamna’s horses which was closely related with the past Yuan Dynasty as an excuse， deliberately urged Korea to fight against Tamna. In this process， Zhu Yuanzhang found the close connection between Ryukyu and Tamna from Wu Zhen’s meeting pirates in Ryukyu Ocean and the initial tribute horses by Ryukyu. At that time， although it is unnecessary to purchase horses from overseas， Ming had sent the senior official to honor Ryukyu and satisfied its requirements， in order to win over Ryukyu and avoid that Ryukyu would replace Tamna to become the new base of the pirates and the Wokou. In fact， “the purchase of horses” by Li Hao emerged from the linkage of East Asia in the early Ming and the regulation for East Asia relations by Zhu Yuanzhang.