基于北斗/GPRS/3G技術的無人機遙感網絡體系關鍵技術研究

薛艷麗++溫奇++萬幼川

摘 要：無人機遙感網絡是繼衛星遙感網和有人機航空遙感網之后的我國遙感技術體系的重要組成部分。但我國無人機遙感系統機型多、裝備分散、應用面廣，缺乏統籌規劃，難以實現快速調度與合理配置，整體效能較低，而且無人機遙感系統屬于“低、慢、小”的飛行目標，我國現有空管技術手段和系統“看不到、管不到”，無人機飛行安全管理存在隱患。所以為了充分發揮無人機遙感技術整體優勢，統籌無人機遙感科技資源、優化配置，提高無人機遙感科技創新能力、應急救災快速反應能力，2013年科技部組織863課題“基于北斗/GPRS/3G技術的無人機遙感網絡體系關鍵技術研究與示范”，開展基于北斗/GPRS/3G技術的無人機遙感網絡體系關鍵技術研究。該文主要論述了無人機遙感網絡運行管理機制與規范的研究過程與方法，并形成無人機組網系列標準規范初稿，將彌補國內民用無人機標準規范空白；論述了基于北斗/GPRS/3G技術的無人機遙感系統飛行監管的關鍵技術，實現無人機遙感網絡對無人機超視距測控和信息傳輸，將改變我國無人機遙感系統用現有的空管系統監管手段“看不到、管不到”的現狀；論述了無人機遙感網絡綜合運行管理平臺的設計思路與技術，為統籌無人機遙感科技資源、優化配置，促進開放共享和綜合利用提供技術平臺支撐；論述了基于無人機遙感系統的災害應急節點災情提取與綜合驗證節點無人機遙感數據快速處理等關鍵技術研究，將為應用示范節點構建提供技術支撐。該文初步形成了無人機遙感網絡運行管理機制與規范研究報告，5個無人機組網系列標準初稿，形成了無人機導航通訊技術研究、無人機遙感系統網絡數據庫結構和管理系統概要設計書等研究方案，進行了北斗/GPRS/3G技術的無人機遙感系統飛行監管與無人機遙感網絡綜合運行管理平臺的原型系統的設計與開發，為該課題的“無人機組網關鍵技術攻關，社會化無人機遙感網絡體系初步構建”的研究目標提供了技術支撐。

關鍵詞：無人機遙感網 北斗 GPRS/3G 飛行監管 綜合運行管理平臺 災害應急 數據快速處理

Research on Key Technologies and Demonstration of UAV Remote Sensing Network System Based on Big Dipper Navigation Positioning System and GPRS/3G

Xu Yanli1 Wen Qi2 Wan Youchuan3 Wang Xiaobo4

（1.China TOPRS Technology Co.，Ltd.； 2.National Disaster Reduction Center of the Ministry of Civil Affairs；

3.Wuhan University； 4.Wuhan intelligent bird UAV Co.， Ltd.）

Abstract： UAV remote sensing network system is an important part of the remote sensing system following satellite remote sensing network and airborne remote sensing network in China. UAV remote sensing system was scatteredly equipmented， widely used， lack of overall planning， so it is difficult to dispatch efficiently and configure reasonable， the effectiveness was degraded. It is unsafe for UAV remote sensing systems couldnt be supervised when it fly， because it was very small ，low and slow. Key technologies of UAV remote sensing network system based on Big Dipper Navigation Positioning System and GPRS/3G was researched in this 863 program that Ministry of Science and Technology organized in 2013 to take advantage of this new technology， improve its ability to innovate and emergency response. Operation and management mechanism UAV remote sensing network system was researched and series standards and codes was established in this paper， it made up the domestic blank of civilian UAV standards. This paper expounded the key technologies of UAV remote sensing network system based on Big Dipper Navigation Positioning System and GPRS/3G， It solved the problem of UAV remote sensing systems couldnt be supervised. This paper introduced the design thought of integrated operation management platform for UAV remote sensing network system. It provided technical support for co-ordinating scientific and technological resources， optimizing configuration， promoting sharing and comprehensive utilization. The key algorithms of building damage detection and construction of three-dimensional model was proposed， It laid the foundation of forming ability of UAV remote sensing data disaster assessment and establishing disaster emergency pilot. This paper discussed processing rapidly algorithms of UAV remote sensing data such as wallis filter. It provided the basis for developing UAV remote sensing data processing rapidly system. Through the key technologies research on operation and management mechanism UAV remote sensing network systems， flight control technology， integrated operation management platform， building damage detection and construction of three-dimensional model. It made a contribution for program ”Research on key technologies and demonstration of UAV remote sensing network system based on Big Dipper Navigation Positioning System and GPRS/3G”and provided the technical support for building social network demonstration system of UAV remote sensing.

Key Words： UAV remote sensing network； Big dipper navigation positioning system； GPRS/3G； Flight control； Integrated operation management platform； Disaster emergency； Data processing

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