聽力理解九大典型錯誤例析

胡揚朋

一、答題心切，輕易給出答案

例 1：（2015年 湖北省武漢市）聽下面的對話，回答問題。

Where is the woman？

A. At the train station. B. In the hotel.

C. On the street.

【錄音材料】

W：Hello， taxi.

M：Where to， Madam？

W：To the station. How many people can you take？

M：4.

W：Can you get there in about 15 minutes？

M：Sorry，I cant. It takes about 30 minutes，because the streets are heavy with traffic at this time of day. Anyway，Ill do my best.

W：Oh， we want to go there as quickly as possible， but dont go too fast.

M：Dont worry. I dont want an accident either. Get in please.

W：OK.

解析：同學們一般聽到“to the station”時，就會誤以為這是答案，會立即選擇答案A，而疏忽了后面的對話內容。聽完整篇對話我們才能知道，這位女士是在街上找出租車去火車站，答案應該是C。

答案：C。

二、未能準確理解聽力材料中的弦外之音

例 2：（2015年 寧夏自治區）聽對話及對話后的問題，然后選擇正確答案。

What is the man most probably going to do？

A. Go to work. B. Stay at home. C. Go to school.

【錄音材料】

W：Are you going to work today？

M：I called my boss and said I was sick.

解析：題目的問題是：“今天這位男士最有可能做什么？”根據對話內容我們可知，男士給老板打電話說身體有病，言外之意是“上不了班，需要待在家里”。答案為B。

答案：B。

三、忽略細節，對于時間、價格等要經過計算的

問題考慮不周

例 3：（2015年 陜西省）聽對話及對話后的問題，然后選擇正確答案。

Whats the time now？

A. 8：20. B. 8：00. C. 7：40.

【錄音材料】

W：Hurry up！ The bus to the airport is leaving at 8：00.

M：Dont worry. We still have 20 minutes.

解析：本題考查時間的計算。聽力材料中出現了8：00與20，這兩個數字很有可能誤導同學們選A或B。但如果認真聽清楚這位男士的回答“別擔心，我們還有20分鐘”，通過簡單計算便可知，現在的時間是7： 40，所以答案為C。

答案：C。

四、抓不準關鍵詞或句子，被無用的信息誤導

例 4：（2015年 山東省濰坊市）聽下面的對話，回答問題。

What is Betty probably doing now？

A. Shes playing the piano. B. Shes staying at home.

C. Shes playing tennis.

【錄音材料】

M：Hello， Mrs. Green. Is Betty at home？ I want to invite her to play tennis with me.

W：Sorry. She has gone to Miss Kings to have piano lessons.

M：OK. Next time， then.

解析：對話一開始，男士問句中的短語at home，play tennis給同學們帶來很大的干擾，同學們可能會根據這兩個短語去選B或者C，而關鍵句是后面女士的答語“gone to Miss Kings to have piano lessons”，所以答案為A。

答案：A。

五、未能準確抓住說話人的身份或與說話人相關的單詞、短語和一些背景知識

例 5：（2015年 寧夏自治區）聽對話及對話后的問題，然后選擇正確答案。

What might the woman be？

A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A driver.

【錄音材料】

W：Will you please go and get some chalk for me， Tom？

M：Sure， Mrs. Brown. Ill be back soon.

解析：問句中chalk“粉筆”一詞很重要，通過這個單詞，我們可以推測Mrs. Brown 的身份可能是教師，而不是學生或司機，所以答案為B。

答案：B。

六、相似信息干擾，如混淆讀音相似的單詞造成

理解失誤

例 6：（2015年 安徽省）請在所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出一個你所聽到的單詞或短語。

A. phones B. photos C. radios

【錄音材料】

Can I have a look at your photos， please？

解析： phones與photos的讀音有些相似，尤其是在考場上狀態較為緊張的情況下，同學們很容易聽混淆。這類詞有很多，平時要多加留意。如：bit與beat；ship與sheep；forty與fourteen；shirt 與skirt；如此等等。

答案：B。

七、受漢語的干擾，缺少對中西方文化差異的了解

例 7：（2014年 甘肅省蘭州市）聽下面五個句子，從A、B、C三個選項中選擇一個恰當的應答語。

A. Thank you. B. No， it isnt. C. Its OK.

【錄音材料】

Your dress is very beautiful.

解析：中國人聽到別人稱贊自己時，往往會說“沒什么”“你過獎了”，而西方人則習慣說“Thank you. ”因此答案為A。

答案：A。

八、注意力停留在個別單詞或句子上，斷章取義地理解對話或短文內容，對其主旨大意、中心思想或作者觀點把握不準確

例 8：（2015年 湖北省荊州市）聽短文，并從三個選項中選出一個正確選項。

What does the story want to tell us？

A. Working hard is very important.

B. Helping others is to help ourselves.

C. Being honest can bring us more.

【錄音材料】

Tom was happy to get one dollar from his father. He wanted to buy a toy with it. So he put on his hat and ran into the street. There he met some boys throwing snowballs. Soon Tom joined them. He sent a snowball at James， but he missed him， and broke a window on the other side of the street.

Tom was afraid and ran as fast as he could. But soon he stopped. He said to himself，“It was wrong to break the window. I will go back and pay for it.”

He went back to the house and saw an old man. Tom told him what he did， then he gave the man the dollar he had. The old man took the dollar， and asked Tom his name and where he lived.

At last， the old man said， “OK.” At dinner time， Toms father told him to go and look in his hat. Tom found two dollars there！ His father told Tom that an old man came and gave back his dollar and another more. Because he thought Tom was an honest boy.

解析：考查短文主旨大意題。主要講述了湯姆因玩雪球打破了別人家房子的窗戶，主動上門把父親給他買玩具的一美元賠給了那位老人。回到家后，父親告訴湯姆，老人歸還了那一美元，并多給了一美元，因為老人認為湯姆是個誠實的孩子。前面兩段是事情的起因和過程，最后一段是短文的主題。

答案：C。

九、忽視所填關鍵詞語的數、形式等方面的變化

例 9：（2015年 湖南省郴州市）根據你所聽到的內容，寫出下面表格中所缺的單詞，每空僅填一詞。

【錄音材料】

Hello， everyone. I am Paul. There are four people in my family： my father， my mother， my sister and I. My father is a doctor. Hes reading a newspaper. He likes basketball. Oh，thats my mother. She is a teacher. Shes making dinner in the kitchen now. She likes movies. My sister is a reporter. Shes watching the news in the living room. She likes planting flowers. What do I do？ Im a student at No. 1 Middle School. Im listening to a CD. I like music. I want to be a singer when I grow up. On Sundays， we always go for a walk together. I love my family very much.

解析：同學們做這種聽力題時，首先要瀏覽表格內容，了解所缺內容涉及的范圍，注意抓住符合語句需要的關鍵詞。然后，要考慮所填關鍵詞語的數、形式等方面的變化，書寫要保持工整、規范。比如該短文填表題中的第2小題，要注意使用動詞-ing形式；第4小題，不要忘了名詞flower后面要加s。

答案：（1）doctor （2） making （3） sister （4）flowers （5） music