偷襲珍珠港之后

浙江省紹興市樹(shù)人中學(xué)張祖平選譯

偷襲珍珠港之后

浙江省紹興市樹(shù)人中學(xué)張祖平選譯

After the Attack on Pearl Harbor

After the attack on Pearl Harbor,many government buildings became military offices.The civil courts were replaced with military law and this impacted both m ilitary personnel1as well as civilian2. The islands became one largemilitary base and businesses owned by Japanese civilians were closed.The FBI,army,and local police arrested anyone they considered to be a threat.Residents were fingerprinted and required to carry identification cards atall times.

Businesses and residents could not hold more than$200 cash with them.People thought the M artial Law3would only last a short time,but this lasted for almost three years.Curfews and blackouts even lasted to July 1945.

Many people of Japanese descent4were taken to detention centers,but these could not hold everyone. A plan was devised to move 100,000 Japanese from Hawaii,but this never took place.In February 1942, shortly after American joined the war,an Executive5Orderwas issued by President Rooseveltwhich authorized that Japanese-American citizens were to be rounded up and then placed in“relocation6centers.”These were located in different states like Idaho,U－tah,California,Arizona,Wyoming,Arkansas,and Colorado.Over 120,000 Japanese were impacted by this and about 80,000 of these were U.S.citizens.

There was overcrowding in the camps and poor conditions.The food was rationed and there were no plumbing or cooking facilities there.Detainees were offered to be released if they agreed to join the army. Thiswas not accepted bymany and only 1,200 enlisted.

President Roosevelt rescinded7the Executive Order in 1944,but it took till the end of 1945 to close all these camps.In 1968 the U.S.Government began to pay compensation8to Japanese families for property they lost during the war.Thiswas only given to 60,000 that had survived long enough to receive the compensation.

日本偷襲珍珠港后，很多美國(guó)政府大樓變成了軍用辦公室。民事法庭被軍事法律替代，這對(duì)軍人和平民都產(chǎn)生了影響。夏威夷群島變成了一個(gè)巨大的軍事基地，日本平民擁有的企業(yè)被關(guān)閉。聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局、軍隊(duì)和當(dāng)?shù)鼐齑度魏伪徽J(rèn)為構(gòu)成威脅的人。居民都被采集了指紋，并要隨時(shí)攜帶身份證。

商家和居民攜帶的現(xiàn)金不能超過(guò)200美元。人們認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)時(shí)法律只會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間，但是它幾乎持續(xù)了三年。宵禁和燈火管制甚至持續(xù)到了1945年7月。

很多日本血統(tǒng)的人被帶到了拘留中心，但是那里容不下所有人。曾有計(jì)劃把10萬(wàn)日本人從夏威夷轉(zhuǎn)移，但這并未發(fā)生。1942年2月，美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)不久之后，羅斯福總統(tǒng)發(fā)布了一條行政命令：日本裔的美國(guó)人將被糾集到“重新安置點(diǎn)”。這些安置點(diǎn)處在美國(guó)不同的地區(qū)，如：愛(ài)達(dá)華州、猶他州、加州、亞利桑那州、懷俄明州、阿拉斯加州、阿肯色州和科羅拉多州。超過(guò)12萬(wàn)日本人受到影響，其中大約有8萬(wàn)人已經(jīng)是美國(guó)公民。

集中營(yíng)擁擠不堪、條件艱苦。食物被定量，沒(méi)有管道和廚房設(shè)施。拘役者可以被釋放，如果他們同意參軍。很多日本人不同意，只有1200人應(yīng)召參軍。

1944年，羅斯福總統(tǒng)廢除了該行政命令，但是所有的集中營(yíng)一直到1945年末才關(guān)閉。1968年，美國(guó)政府開(kāi)始賠償日本家庭戰(zhàn)時(shí)遭受的損失。只有幸存下來(lái)的6萬(wàn)人得到了賠償。