高效能液流儲能電池新體系探索研究年度報告

曹高萍 程杰

摘 要：我國能源安全和環境污染形勢嚴峻，需要加快可再生能源發展，必須解決高效規模儲能技術才能實現穩定供電。液流電池是規模蓄電的首選電源，在電網調峰、可再生能源發電的儲能等方面具有巨大的應用前景，其開發對于可再生能源高效利用具有重要的現實意義。為彌補全釩液流電池體系面臨的難題，該研究致力于研發液流電池新體系。該年度研究了全鉛液流電池、鋅鎳單液流電池、鋅溴液流電池及其材料性能，初步獲得了液流電池新體系的設計規律。鋅鎳液流電池，研究了鋅電極特性、正極衰減特性和電池模擬，研制了200 Ah的電池單體，組成了38V200Ah和38V600Ah電池系統，充放電能量效率分別達到79%和74%以上（約1/3C）。研究了倍率性能提升方法，80 mA/cm2電流密度下能量效率可到80%。研究了鋅溴液流電池結構和性能，驗證了1 kW/2 kWh電池系統，充放電能量效率達到75%（約20 mA/cm2）。研究了HBF4體系全鉛液流電池性能，采用亞氧化鈦、TaC等改進了正極，循環穩定性得到提高。申請了10項專利，發表了6篇文章。該研究基本完成了預期計劃內容，獲得了重要的階段性結果，為后續的研究推進和成果產出打下了較好基礎。

關鍵詞：電池 液流電池 鋅 電極

Abstract：Facing with situation of Serious environmental pollution and increasing tension in energy resources， it is necessary to accelerate the development of renewable energy. Thus efficient scale energy storage technology must be solved to achieve a stable power supply. Flow battery is the choice of scale battery for stabilizing renewable energy power supply， has great application prospect and important practical significance for renewable energy utilization. To make up the disadvantage faced by the vanadium flow battery system， our team is devoted to research and development of new flow battery systems. Zinc nickel flow battery， zinc bromide flow battery and all lead flow battery in HBF4 are studied by our team. The performance of these flow battery systems and the relationship with the activate materials are carefully investigated. For the zinc nickel Flow battery system， performance of zinc electrode and performance attenuation of the positive electrode have been studied， 200 Ah batteries are developed. A 38 V200 Ah and A 38 V600 Ah battery systems are formed and tested， charge and discharge energy efficiency of more than 79% and 74% are achieved， respectively （about 1/3 C rate）. A method for improvement of rate performance is proposed， and energy efficiency of 80% under current density of 80 mA/cm2 is obtained. For the zinc bromide flow battery system， structure and performance was studied， and a verified 1 kW/2 kWH battery system is structured； the charge and discharge energy efficiency of 75% （about 20 mA/cm2） is reached. For the all lead flow battery system， by adopting the Ti4O7， TaC and graphite as conductive materials for positive current collector， the cycle stability of the system was improved. Gratifying results， as 10 Chinese patents declared， 6 paper published， have been achieved. This subject has basically completed the expected plan content， gained important results， and a good foundation has been laid for subsequent research new achievements.

Key Words：Battery；Flow battery；Zinc；Electrode

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