鄧妍
【摘 要】鳥撞是當今民航運輸的重要威脅之一,飛機起落架系統的研制需充分考慮鳥撞防護,減小鳥撞對起落架系統的影響,以保證飛機可以安全飛行和著陸。當前的運輸類飛機適航標準均對鳥撞提出了適航要求。本文從鳥撞適航要求出發,追溯起落架系統鳥撞防護設計需求,研究了不同區域起落架系統受鳥撞可能導致的失效,確定了相關設備具體的布置要求,作為起落架系統研制的依據,提高系統的抗鳥撞性,也可為相關適航條款的符合性驗證提供依據。
【關鍵詞】鳥撞防護;起落架系統;適航要求;設計需求
Precaution Design of Bird Strike for Civil Aircraft Landing Gear System
DENG Yan
(Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 201210, China)
【Abstract】Bird Strike is one of the major threats for civil aviation today, precaution of bird strike shall be fully considered during development of aircraft landing gear system, in order to decrease the impact on landing gear system by bird strike, so that we can ensure safety during flight and landing. The current transport aircraft airworthiness standards provided requirements for Bird Strike. Based on Bird Strike airworthiness standards, this article describes precaution design requirements of Bird Strike for landing gear system, discusses failure conditions of the landing gear system in different areas, defines the specific layout requirements for Components, which are basis for the landing gear system development. As a result, Safety for landing gear system by Bird Strike is improved. And it can also be evidence for relevant airworthiness compliance verification.
【Key words】Bird strike precaution; Landing gear system; Airworthiness standards; Design requirements
0 引言
隨著世界航空工業的快速發展,飛機增多,航線增加,鳥撞事故的發生越來越頻繁,已成為民航運輸安全的重要威脅之一,如何減小鳥撞對飛機安全的影響成為民用飛機研制過程中須考慮的問題,本文對典型民用飛機起落架系統的鳥撞防護設計進行了研究。
1 鳥撞危害
飛機在飛行過程中(包括起飛、巡航及著陸階段),有可能遭遇鳥體撞擊造成結構或系統失效,稱為鳥撞或鳥擊事件。據資料顯示,僅1960年以來,世界范圍內由于鳥撞事故至少造成78架民用飛機損失,201人喪生,鳥撞已被國際航空聯合會定為A類空難[1]。鳥撞對飛機造成的破壞極大,研究表明,鳥撞時飛機處于高速飛行,當一只體重2kg的飛鳥撞擊時速900km/h的飛機,瞬間產生的沖擊力高達4000kg[2]。由于鳥撞事故屢見不鮮,破壞性大,飛機及系統的研制需關注鳥撞對飛行安全的影響。……