呂述暉 王奎華 吳文兵



摘要: 考慮土體三維波動效應及樁身橫向慣性效應,建立了均質滯回阻尼土中黏彈性支承樁受穩態或瞬態縱向激振時的定解問題,并獲得了嚴格樁土耦合條件下的解析解。首先,將樁底土層對樁及樁側土層的作用簡化為均布Vogit體,樁視為RayleighLove桿,利用土體三維軸對稱振動方程,土層邊界條件,以及樁與樁側土接觸面上的縱向和徑向位移連續條件,求解得到樁側土作用在樁身的剪切復剛度。然后,結合樁底黏彈性支承條件,推導得到樁頂復阻抗函數的解析解。最后,采用參數分析方法,研究了橫向慣性效應對單樁樁頂動力響應的影響規律及其與樁及土層參數的關系。結果表明:相對于不考慮橫向慣性效應,計及橫向慣性效應時單樁縱向振動特性的差異受樁及土共同的影響。
關鍵詞: 樁; 縱向振動; 橫向慣性效應; 滯回阻尼; 動力響應
中圖分類號: TU473.1文獻標志碼: A文章編號: 10044523(2016)04067908
DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.10044523.2016.04.015
引言
樁的縱向振動理論是動力基礎設計、樁基礎抗震設計、樁基動力檢測的基礎。樁的縱向振動理論研究主要關注樁和樁土相互作用兩個方面。近年來,樁土相互作用模型歷經動態Winkler模型[1],平面應變模型[23],不考慮樁側土體徑向位移的樁土耦合模型,考慮樁側土體三維波動效應的嚴密耦合模型[45]等,已取得了較大的發展,而虛土樁模型[56]的提出進一步完善了這一理論體系。對于樁自身問題的研究,仍主要采用適用于細長桿件的經典Bernoulli理論,而樁的三維波動效應也受到了較多的關注[79],特別是對于一些不完全符合細長桿件條件的情況,如大直徑灌注樁,經典Bernoulli理論計算結果與實測結果有所差異。
Rayleigh考慮桿的橫向慣性效應,提出了對桿件的修正理論,Love基于能量原理,導出了計及橫向慣性效應的桿件運動方程,即RayleighLove桿運動方程[10],它是一種三維簡化桿件理論。在此基礎上,李強等[11]研究了考慮橫向慣性效應時飽和土中大直徑嵌巖樁縱向振動特性。吳文兵等[23]研究了考慮橫向慣性效應時楔形樁縱向振動問題。楊驍等[12]利用Novak薄層法分析了考慮橫向慣性時成層飽和土中單樁振動問題。但已有的研究仍是基于特定的邊界條件(樁端固定)或簡化假設(不考慮樁土接觸面處土體徑向位移)。本文考慮土體三維波動效應,建立了考慮橫向慣性效應下,均質滯回阻尼土中黏彈性支承樁受穩態或瞬態縱向激振時的定解問題,并獲得了考慮樁土更為嚴格耦合條件下的解析解。通過參數分析,研究了橫向慣性效應對單樁樁頂動力響應的影響規律及其與樁及土層參數的關系。
Abstract: By considering threedimensional wave effect of pile side soil and transverse inertia effect of pile, a definite problem for viscoelastic bearing piles embedded in homogeneous hysteretic damping soil layer is established under steadystate and transient excitation, and the analytical solution based on strict pilesoil coupling condition is derived. Firstly, the interactions between the soil layers beneath the pile end and pile as well as pile side soil are simplified to uniform Vogit model, meanwhile, the pile is assumed to be a RayleighLove rod, by means of soil boundary conditions, radial and vertical displacement continuity conditions at the pilesoil interface, the shear complex stiffness the pile side soil acting on pile is obtained in the 3D axisymmetric vibration mode. Then, combined the boundary condition at pile bottom, analytical form for complex impedance at the pile head is derived. On this basis, influence of transverse inertia effect on pile vertical vibration characteristics and its relationship with pilesoil parameters are studied. The results show that: difference whether the transverse inertia effect is taken into account or not is determined by both pile and soil parameters.
Key words: pile; longitudinal vibration; transverse inertia effect; hysteretic damping; dynamic response