閆春生 牛美蘭 田恒運
摘要:研究了馬齒莧口服液對高血脂大鼠瘦素(Leptin,LEP)、脂聯素(Adiponectin,ADPN)、總膽固醇(Total triglyceride,TC)、總甘油三酯(Total triglyceride,TG)的影響。選取健康雄性SD大鼠65只, 隨機分為模型對照組(15只)和正常對照組及馬齒莧口服液低、中、高劑量組和羅格列酮組(每組10只);正常對照組大鼠飼喂基礎飼料,模型對照組大鼠飼喂高脂飼料,其余組大鼠飼喂高脂飼料,并進行藥物干擾,喂養12周后,測定大鼠血清瘦素、脂聯素、TC、TG的含量。結果表明,①瘦素:與正常對照組相比,羅格列酮組顯著升高,模型組、馬齒莧水煎劑低、中劑量組瘦素極顯著升高,高劑量組升高不顯著;與模型對照組比較,其余組均極顯著降低;與低劑量組比較,中劑量組顯著降低,正常組、高劑量組均極顯著降低;馬齒莧水煎劑高劑量組與羅格列酮組血清瘦素差異不顯著。②脂聯素:與正常對照組相比,其余組脂聯素含量極顯著降低;與模型組比較,其余組脂聯素含量均極顯著升高;馬齒莧水煎劑低劑量與中劑量組差異不顯著,低劑量組顯著低于高劑量組,馬齒莧水煎劑高劑量組與羅格列酮組差異不顯著。③TC、TG含量表現一致,均為馬齒莧口服液低劑量組、模型對照組極顯著高于其余組;高劑量組顯著低于中劑量組;正常對照組、高劑量組、羅格列酮組間差異不顯著。馬齒莧口服液可能是通過提高大鼠血清中脂聯素,降低瘦素、TC、TG含量來預防大鼠高血脂的。
關鍵詞:瘦素;脂聯素;馬齒莧;脂代謝
中圖分類號:R589.2 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2016)05-1221-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.033
Effect of Purslane Oral Liquid on Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemia Rats
YAN Chun-sheng,NIU Mei-lan,TIAN Heng-yun
(Huanghe Science and Technology College,Zhengzhou 450063,China)
Abstract: In this experiment, 65 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, such as model group, normal control group,purslane oral liquid of low, middle and high dose group and rosiglitazone group, to analyze the effects of purslane oral liquid on the level of serum leptin (LEP), adiponectin (ADPN),total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG) in hyperlipidemia rats. The rats in normal control group were fed with basal diet,while the model group rats were fed high fat diet, the other group rats were given high fat diet and drug for 12 weeks.The contents of LEP and ADPN were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the content of TC and TG were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The results showed that the leptin in rosiglitazone group significantly increased and extreme significantly increased in model group, low and middle purslane oral liquid group, while no significant changed in high dose of purslane oral liquid group when compared with normal control group. But when compared with the model control group, the LEP content was significantly decreased in the other groups. When compared with the low dose of purslane oral liquid group, the LEP content in middle dose was group significantly lower, and in normal control group and high dose group were extreme significantly lower. There had no significant difference in LEP content between high dose of purslane oral liquid group and rosiglitazone group. Compared with normal control group, the ADPN content in other groups were extreme significantly lower but when compared with model control group, the ADPN contents in other groups were extreme significantly higher. There had no significant difference in ADPN content between the low and middle dose of purslane oral liquid, and the high dose of purslane oral liquid and rosiglitazone group. But the ADPN content in low dose of purslane oral liquid was significantly lower than that in high dose group. The contents of TC and TG in low dose of purslane oral liquid group and model group were extreme significantly higher than other groups. The contents in middle dose group was significantly lower than those in low dose group. There had no significant difference in normal control group,high dose group and rosiglitazone group. It indicated that the purslane oral liquid might have effect of hyperlipidemia prevention through increasing the content of adiponectin and decreasing leptin levels and the content of TC,TG in serum.
Key words:leptin;adiponectin;purslane;lipid metabolism
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗動物
健康雄性SD大鼠65只,體重130~150 g,購自山東省魯抗醫藥集團有限公司,許可證編號為SCXK魯2014005。
馬齒莧口服液由河南省中醫藥研究院中藥房提供;瘦素(LEP)、脂聯素(ADPN)檢測試劑盒(上海酶聯生物科技有限公司,貨號:ml002969、ml028534);甘油三酯(TG)、膽固醇(TC)試劑盒(中生北控生物科技公司,批號:000025591、000025581)。
1.2 飼料配方
基礎飼料:面粉25%、玉米15%、麩皮30%、豆料25%、魚粉2%、骨粉3%,由黃河科技學院實驗動物中心制備。
高脂飼料:75%基礎飼料+15%豬油+5%蔗糖+3.5%膽固醇+1.5%膽酸鈉(膽酸鈉:杭州微生物試劑廠,批號2001O122;膽固醇:上海伯奧生物有限公司,批號20091201;玉米油:山東長壽花食品股份有限公司;豬油和蔗糖自備)
1.3 動物分組與給藥
取健康雄性SD大鼠65只,隨機分為模型對照組15只和正常對照組及馬齒莧口服液低、中、高劑量組和羅格列酮組,每組10只;正常對照組大鼠飼喂基礎飼料,模型對照組大鼠單飼喂高脂飼料,其余組大鼠飼喂高脂飼料的同時進行藥物干擾,給藥劑量依據人與動物用藥劑量換算公式:大鼠的藥物劑量是(mg/kg)=人的給藥物劑量(mg/kg)×W(折合系數)[1],馬齒莧水煎劑低、中、高劑量分別給藥是112.5、225、450 g/(kg·d), 2次/d灌胃,羅格列酮組以40 mg/(kg·d),2次/d灌胃;藥物干預期間,正常對照組大鼠繼續普通飼料喂養,所有大鼠均飲用生理鹽水,于喂養8、10、12周從模型對照組隨機挑選2只大鼠處死,經腹主動脈抽血、離心后檢測大鼠血清中TC、TG的含量,酶聯免疫吸附法(ELISA)測定大鼠血清瘦素、脂聯素的含量,達高血脂后結束試驗。
1.4 統計學處理
試驗數據應用SPSS 17.0分析軟件處理,數據用平均數(x)±標準差(s)來表示,組間比較采用LSD檢驗。
2 結果與分析
2.1 大鼠的死亡情況
12周后試驗結束,給藥組6只大鼠因灌胃操作不當而死亡,模型對照組6只大鼠在試驗過程中判定造模是否成功而處死(模型對照組在第8、10、12周各處死2只。)
2.2 血清瘦素
由表1可知,在血清瘦素含量方面,與正常對照組相比,羅格列酮組顯著升高(P<0.05),模型組、馬齒莧水煎劑低、中劑量組瘦素極顯著升高(P<0.01),高劑量組升高不顯著(P﹥0.05);與模型對照組比較,其余組均極顯著降低(P<0.01);與低劑量組比較,中劑量組顯著降低(P<0.05),正常對照組、高劑量組均極顯著降低(P<0.01);馬齒莧水煎劑高劑量組與羅格列酮組血清瘦素差異不顯著(P﹥0.05)。
2.3 血清脂聯素
由表2可知,與正常對照組相比,其余組脂聯素含量極顯著降低(P<0.01);與模型組比較,其余組脂聯素含量均極顯著升高(P<0.01);馬齒莧水煎劑低劑量與中劑量組差異不顯著(P﹥0.05),低劑量組極顯著低于高劑量組(P<0.01),馬齒莧水煎劑高劑量組與羅格列酮組差異不顯著(P﹥0.05)。
2.4 血清TG和TC含量
由表3可知,TC、TG含量表現一致,均為馬齒莧口服液低劑量組、模型對照組極顯著高于其余組(P<0.01);高劑量組顯著低于中劑量組(P<0.05);正常對照組、高劑量組、羅格列酮組間差異不顯著(P>0.05)。
3 討論
血清瘦素是由脂肪細胞分泌的肥胖基因編碼的分泌型激素,同樣與高血脂密切相關。生理功能下血清瘦素主要通過瘦素受體介導,肥胖癥患者中瘦素水平的上升直接造成了此受體反饋性下調或受體信號轉導受阻,出現瘦素抵抗。瘦素水平升高或降低,均能導致瘦素對機體脂肪代謝調節的紊亂,由此促成肥胖癥的發生。而高脂膳食或能量過剩均可使瘦素水平迅速上升,由此引發機體的瘦素抵抗,引起瘦素不能正常對脂肪、能量代謝的促進。張麗等[2]的研究認為,瘦素在肥胖、脂肪肝、高血壓、糖尿病等代謝疾病中起著非常重要的作用,因為瘦素在脂肪代謝過程中扮演著重要的角色。Tobek等[3]研究表明,瘦素是胰島素抵抗發生的一個獨立危險因素,血清瘦素含量的增多引起胰島素對血糖的敏感性降低。其次瘦素的免疫作用,瘦素減少間接降低肝組織纖維化的形成。Pelley等[4]研究結果發現,瘦素缺陷或低性的小鼠脂肪沉積并發展成脂肪肝。
脂聯素(Adiponectin,ADPN)是由脂肪細胞分泌內源性生物活性多肽或蛋白質,是胰島素抵抗和非酒精性脂肪肝的保護因子。楊建鋒等[5]研究表明,脂聯素水平高低與肝臟脂肪變性程度、炎癥和纖維化程度呈負相關。臨床證實高脂膳食、藥物損傷、胰島抵抗等原因均可造成脂聯素生物活性下降,從而導致肥胖、脂肪肝慢性病變。Yamauchi等[6]研究發現,脂聯素是通過降低肥胖小鼠TC、TG的濃度,減少胰島素的抵抗;Stefan等[7]研究發現,2型糖尿病患者空腹血清瘦素含量與血糖呈負相關。研究提示脂聯素可能參與早期肝細胞損傷的調節作用;馬齒莧口服液可減少高血脂大鼠血清瘦素和提高脂聯素,抑制高脂大鼠TC、TG含量,并且劑量與效應呈正相關。由此推測馬齒莧口服液對高血脂大鼠產生的高血脂有改善作用,該試驗結果能否成為預防和治療高血脂的重要藥理依據,此作用機制還有待在以后的研究中進一步證實。
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