水培燕麥根系形態和氮吸收流量對硝態氮供應濃度的響應

2016-08-24 09:09:41王俊英王華青梁曉東劉景輝

植物營養與肥料學報 2016年4期

王俊英，王華青，梁曉東，劉景輝

(1 中國農業科學院生物技術研究所，北京 100081; 2 新疆農業科學院糧食作物研究所，烏魯木齊 830091;3 內蒙古農業大學，呼和浩特 010019)

王俊英1*，王華青1，梁曉東2，劉景輝3*

(1 中國農業科學院生物技術研究所，北京 100081; 2 新疆農業科學院糧食作物研究所，烏魯木齊 830091;3 內蒙古農業大學，呼和浩特 010019)

水培; 燕麥; 根系形態; 氮流量; 硝態氮

1　材料與方法

1.1試驗材料

供試材料為來自張家口地區的3個裸燕麥栽培品種，即壩莜9號、壩莜3號和200215，由張家口市農科院田長葉研究員選育。

1.2材料培養與不同濃度硝酸鹽處理

區域內地表沒有巖漿巖出露。根據航空物探磁測資料顯示，位于箭豬坡礦床NNE方向3～13km的深部，有隱伏的花崗巖體存在，這個隱伏巖體是五圩地區巖漿期后熱液多金屬礦床成礦物質來源的提供者[6]。

溫室培養為14 h光照(25℃)， 10 h黑暗(20℃)，濕度80%，冠層光強400 μmol/(m2·s)。

1.3測定項目和方法

數據分析使用非損傷微測系統專用數據處理軟件Mageflux進行，離子的流速根據Fick第一擴散定律公式J=-D·(dc/dx) 制作的流速換算表(版本: JCal V3.2.2)計算，流速值J正值為外流，負值為內流。

1.4數據處理

應用SPSS v16.0 統計分析軟件對所有試驗數據進行單因素ANOVA方差分析，差異顯著性水平為P<0.05。

2　結果與分析

2.1不同硝態氮濃度對燕麥根系形態的影響

表1　不同硝態氮濃度供應下3種燕麥的根系形態

2.2不同硝態氮濃度處理下燕麥品種不同直徑范圍內根系長度的分布

表2　不同硝態氮濃度下不同直徑范圍內根系長度 (mm)

注(Note): 同列數據后不同字母表示處理間差異達5%顯著水平 Values followed by different letters in a column are significant among treatments at the 5% level. 括號內數據為不同直徑范圍內根系長度占總根長的百分比Values in the parentheses show the percentage of the length of root with various diameters in total root length (%).

圖1　不同硝態氮濃度供應下不同燕麥品種根部的流量變化Fig.1　The flux changes of various oats root under different -N concentration supply

2.4不同燕麥品種的根系氮吸收量

圖2　不同燕麥品種在不同硝態氮濃度供應下根部流量Fig.2　The flux of various oats root underdifferent -N concentration supply[注(Note): 柱上不同字母表示處理間差異達5% Different letters above the bars mean significant among treatments at the 5% levels.]

3　討論

3.1不同硝態氮濃度對燕麥苗期根系生長的影響

4　結論

[1]楊海鵬, 孫澤民. 中國燕麥[M]. 北京: 中國農業出版社, 1989.

Yang H P, Sun Z M. China oats[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1989.

[2]Wang S P, Wang Y F, Schnug E,etal. Effects of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on oats yield, quality and digestibility and nitrogen and sulphur metabolism of sheep in the Inner Mongolia Steppes of China[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2002, 62: 195-202.

[3]郭孝, 介曉磊, 胡華鋒, 等. 基施硒肥對裸燕麥營養水平的影響[J]. 草業學報, 2013, 22(1): 53-59.

Guo X, Jie X L, Hu H F,etal. Effects of basal Se fertilizers on nutrition values of naked oats[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 53-59.

[4]Collins M, Brinkman M A, Salman A A. Forage yield and quality of oat cultivars with increasing rates of nitrogen fertilization[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1990, 82: 724-728.

[5]肖小平, 王麗宏, 葉桃林, 等. 施N量對燕麥“保羅”鮮草產量和品質的影響[J]. 作物研究, 2007, (1): 19-21.

Xiao X P, Wang L H, Ye T L,etal. Effect of nitrogen applcation rate on fresh grass yield and quality of Oat “Baoluo”[J]. Crop Research, 2007, (1): 19-21.

[6]周川姣, 肖相芬, 周順利, 等. 施氮量對兩種類型燕麥物質積累和產量的影響[J]. 作物雜志, 2009, (3): 58-61.

Zhou C J, Xiao X F, Zhou S L,etal. Effect of nitrogen application amount on matter accumulation and yield of two types oat[J]. Crops, 2009, (3): 58-61.

[7]肖相芬, 周川姣, 周順利, 等. 燕麥氮吸收利用特性與適宜施氮量的定位研究[J]. 中國農業科學, 2011, 44(22): 4618-4626.

Xiao X F, Zhou C J, Zhou S L,etal. Characteristics of N absorption, utilization and optimum N-fertilizer rate based on a long-term fertilization experiment of oats[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(22): 4618-4626.

[8]Lynch J. Root architecture and plant productivity[J]. Plant Physiology, 1995, 109(1): 7-13.

[9]Sattelmacher B, Gerendas J, Thoms K. Interaction between root growth and mineral nutrition[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 1993, 33(1): 63-73.

[10]Mengel K. Response of various crop species and cultivars to fertilizer[J]. Plant and Soil, 1983, 72: 305-319.

[11]王艷, 米國華, 陳范駿, 張福鎖. 玉米氮素吸收的基因型差異及其與根系形態的相關性[J]. 生態學報, 2003, 23(2): 297-302.

Wang Y, Mi G H, Chen F J, Zhang F S. Genotypic differences in nitrogen uptake by maize inbred lines and its relation to root morphology[J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2003, 23(2): 297-302.

[12]樊明壽, 孫亞卿, 邵金旺, 等. 不同形態氮素對燕麥營養生長和磷素利用的影響[J]. 作物學報, 2005, 31(1): 114-118.

Fan M S, Sun Y Q, Shao J W,etal. Influence of nitrogen forms on oat growth and phosphorus uptake[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2005, 31(1): 114-118.

[13]Sun J, Dai S, Wang R,etal. Calcium mediates root K+/Na+homeostasis in poplar species differing in salt tolerance[J]. Tree Physiology, 2009, 29(9): 1175-1186.

[14]Luo J, Li H, Liu T,etal. Nitrogen metabolism of two contrasting poplar species during acclimation to limiting nitrogen availability[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013, 64(14): 4207-4224.

[16]Forde B G, Lorenzo H. The nutritional control of root development[J]. Plant and Soil, 2001, 232(2): 51-68.

[17]Forde B G, Walch-Liu P. Nitrate and glutamate as environmental cues for behavioral responses in plant roots[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2009, 32(6): 682-693.

[18]Walch-Liu P, Forde B G. Nitrate signalling mediated by the NRT1.1 nitrate transporter antagonises l-glutamate-induced changes in root architecture[J]. Plant Journal, 2008, 54(5): 820-828.

[19]陳磊, 王盛鋒, 劉榮樂, 汪洪. 不同磷供應水平下小麥根系形態及根際過程的變化特征[J]. 植物營養與肥料學報, 2012, 18(2): 324-331.

Chen L, Wang S F, Liu R L, Wang H. Changes of root morphology and rhizosphere processes of wheat under different phosphate supply[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(2): 324-331.

[20]Tang Z, Fan X, Li Q,etal. Knockdown of a rice stelar nitrate transporter alters long-distance translocation but not root influx[J]. Plant Physiology, 2012, 160(4): 2052-2063.

[22]Taylor A R, Bloom A J. Ammonium, nitrate, and proton fluxes along the maize root[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 1998, 21(2): 1255-1263.

Response of root morphology and N absorption to nitrate nitrogen supply in hydroponic oats

WANG Jun-ying1*, WANG Hua-qing1, LIANG Xiao-dong2, LIU Jing-hui3*

(1BiotechnologyResearchInstituteofChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,China; 2CropResearchInstituteofXinjiangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Wulumuqi830091,China; 3InnerMongoliaAgriculturalUniversity,Hohhot010019,China)